Present Perfect Continuous

The Present Perfect Continuous uses two auxiliary verbs together with a main verb.

In this lesson we look at the structure and use of the Present Perfect Continuous tense, as well as the use of for and since, followed by a quiz to check your understanding.

Note that continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the Present Perfect Continuous tense is sometimes called the Present Perfect Progressive tense.

How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous tense?

The structure of the Present Perfect Continuous tense is:

subject
+
auxiliary have
+
auxiliary be
+
main verb

conjugated in Present Simple

past participle

 

have, has
been
present participle

The first auxiliary (have) is conjugated in the Present Simple: have, has

The second auxiliary (be) is invariable in past participle form: been

The main verb is invariable in present participle form: -ing

For negative sentences we insert not after the first auxiliary verb.

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb.

Look at these example sentences with the Present Perfect Continuous tense:

 
subject
auxiliary verb
 
auxiliary verb
main verb
 

+
I
have
 
been
waiting
for one hour.

+
You
have
 
been
talking
too much.

–
It
has
not
been
raining.
 

–
We
have
not
been
playing
football.

?
Have
you
 
been
seeing
her?

?
Have
they
 
been
doing
their homework?

Contraction with Present Perfect Continuous

When we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

I have been
I’ve been

You have been
You’ve been

He has been
She has been
It has been
John has been
The car has been
He’s been
She’s been
It’s been
John’s been
The car’s been

We have been
We’ve been

They have been
They’ve been

• I’ve been reading.
• Jenny’s been helping us recently.

In negative sentences, we may contract the first auxiliary verb and “not”:

• I haven’t been playing tennis.
• It hasn’t been snowing.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense?

This tense is called the Present Perfect Continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present or now.

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about:

• past action recently-stopped
• past action still-continuing

Present Perfect Continuous for past action just stopped

We use the Present Perfect Continuous tense to talk about action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.

I’m tired because I‘ve been running.

past
present
future

!!!
 

Recent action
Result now
 

• I’m tired [now] because I‘ve been running.
• Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
• You don’t understand [now] because you haven’t been listening.

Present Perfect Continuous for past action continuing now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous tense to talk about action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

past
present
future

 

Action started in past.
Action is continuing now.
 

• I have been reading for 2 hours. (I am still reading now.)
• We‘ve been studying since 9 o’clock. (We’re still studying now.)
• How long have you been learning English? (You are still learning now.)
• We have not been smoking. (And we are not smoking now.)

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous tense

We often use for and since with perfect tenses:

• We use for to talk about a period of time: three hours, two months, one decade
• We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o’clock, 1st January, Monday

for
since

a period of time
a point in past time
– – – – – – – – – – – –
– • – – – – – – – – – –

30 minutes
10.00am

four days
Friday

3 months
March

2 years
2010

3 centuries
1700

ages
I left school

ever
the beginning of time

etc
etc

Look at these example sentences using for and since with the Present Perfect Continuous tense:

• I have been studying for three hours.
• I have been watching TV since 7pm.
• Tara hasn’t been feeling well for two weeks.
• Tara hasn’t been visiting us since March.
• He has been playing football for a long time.
• He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Back to 12 English Tenses

By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work.

On the seventh day God had finished his work of creation, so he rested from all his work.

And on the seventh day God finished his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.

And by the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on that day He rested from all His work.

And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

And on the seventh day God ended His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

And by the seventh day God completed His work which He had done; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

And by the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested (ceased) on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.

On the seventh day God had completed his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.

By the seventh day God completed His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.

And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

And in the sixth day, God finished his works that he made, and he was refreshed in the seventh day from all his works that he had made.

And God finished on the sixth day his works which he made, and he ceased on the seventh day from all his works which he made.

By the seventh day God had finished his work, and so he rested.

And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made: and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done.

And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

By the seventh day God finished what he had been doing and stopped working.

By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing. On the seventh day he stopped the work he had been doing.

By the seventh day God had completed the work he had been doing, so on the seventh day he stopped working on everything that he had done.

And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made.

and God completes by the seventh day His work which He has made, and ceases by the seventh day from all His work which He has made.

By the seventh day God finished the work that he had been doing, and he ceased on the seventh day all the work that he had been doing.

And on the sixth day God finished his works which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his works which he had made.

On the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.

and God completeth by the seventh day His work which He hath made, and ceaseth by the seventh day from all His work which He hath made.

By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work.On the seventh day God had finished his work of creation, so he rested from all his work.And on the seventh day God finished his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.And by the seventh day God had finished the work He had been doing; so on that day He rested from all His work.And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.And on the seventh day God ended His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.And by the seventh day God completed His work which He had done; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.And by the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested (ceased) on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.On the seventh day God had completed his work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.By the seventh day God completed His work that He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done.And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.And in the sixth day, God finished his works that he made, and he was refreshed in the seventh day from all his works that he had made.And God finished on the sixth day his works which he made, and he ceased on the seventh day from all his works which he made.By the seventh day God had finished his work, and so he rested.And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made: and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done.And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.By the seventh day God finished what he had been doing and stopped working.By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing. On the seventh day he stopped the work he had been doing.By the seventh day God had completed the work he had been doing, so on the seventh day he stopped working on everything that he had done.And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made.and God completes by the seventh day His work which He has made, and ceases by the seventh day from all His work which He has made.By the seventh day God finished the work that he had been doing, and he ceased on the seventh day all the work that he had been doing.And on the sixth day God finished his works which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his works which he had made.On the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.and God completeth by the seventh day His work which He hath made, and ceaseth by the seventh day from all His work which He hath made.