Participles, Definition, Examples, Uses, Rules, Exercise or worksheet

Participles, definition, Examples of participles, Participles exercise or worksheet for students, of class 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Uses, Rules, pdf.

Definition: A Participle is a word which has the features of the verb and adjectives. So it is known as a verbal adjective.

Examples:

1. I saw a woman

   holding a baby in her arms.

2. Angrily speaking with me

   , my father asked me to leave the house.

3. Having completed my degree

   , I applied for a job.

Also read:

Kinds of Participles:

There are three types of Participles in English, namely

1. Present Participle
2. Past Participle
3. Perfect Participle

read all three types in detail below.

Present Participle

A Present Participle is formed with ‘ing’ form of the verb to indicate an action going on, incomplete or imperfect.

Example of Present Participle

1. Hearing

   the noise, we rushed out of the restaurant.

2. Thinking

   all is well, he went to bed.

In the above sentences, ‘V1 + ing’ denotes an action going on or an incomplete action.

Past Participle:

A Past Participle ends with ‘ed’, ‘d’, t or ‘n’ and is used to indicate an action as completed.

Example of Past Participle

1. Driven

   by poverty, he committed suicide.

2. Deceived

   by his best friend, he was left in the lurch.

In the above sentences ‘V3’ shows an action already completed before the second action took place. ‘V3’ is called Past Participle.

Perfect Participle:

A Perfect Participle is formed with ‘having’ +Verb to indicate an action as completed in the past.

Example of Perfect Participle

1. Having done

   with it, they got down to work.

2. Having rested

   , they started their journey again.

The above sentences show an action being completed in past. ‘Having + V3’ (Perfect Participle) is used for such purpose.

Uses of Participles

Correct use of participles, where we have to use participles, according to condition or sentence, Let’s start.

Use 1 

Participles are used as simple adjectives

Examples: Pleasing personality, Dedicated work, Interesting fil, Reputed poet, Fascination story, Developed nation.

Use 2

To govern a noun or pronoun

Examples:

1. Looking at the beautiful painting,

   I dropped the cup in my hand,

2. Putting the newspaper away

   , I closed my eyes.

3. Having given up her job

   , she stayed at home to look after her daughter

Use 3

As a complement to a verb

Examples:

1. Padma looks

   worried

   .

2. Raju seems

   disappointed.

3. We found him

   writing.

Use 4

Absolutely with a noun or pronoun

Examples:

1. The weather,

   being favourable

   , we went out.

2. The Chief guest,

   having arrived

   , they started the function.

3. He,

   being a skilled writer

   , we asked him to take part in discussion.

Note: An absolute phrase may be turned into a clause.

Examples:

1. We went out

   as the weather was favourable.

2. When the chief guest arrived

   , they started the function.

3. We asked him to take part in discussion

   because he was a skilled writer.

Note: Participle is a verbal adjective and so it should be connected with an noun pronoun. It must have a proper subject of reference.

Examples:

1. Being a rainy day,

   we stayed inside.

   (Incorrect)

2. As it was a rainy day,

   we stayed inside.

   (Correct)

3. Waiting for a bus

   , a brick fell on me.

   (Incorrect)

4. When I was waiting for a bus,

   a brick fell on me.

   (Correct)

Note: Sometimes such constructions as the above are possible.

Examples:

1. Taking everything into account, 50% – concession

   is allowed.

2. Technically speaking,

   the computer is a great invention.

3. Considering her qualifications

   , she is eligible for the post.

In the examples, ‘taking everything into account‘ means ‘if we take everything into account’ and ‘technically speaking‘ means ‘if we speak technically.

Use 5 

To form present and past continuous tense

• Present Continuous Tense

Examples:

1. I am

   teaching.

2. We are

   reading.

3. You are

   waiting.

• Past Continuous Tense

Examples:

1. I

   was consulting

   the physician.

2. We

   were practising

   music.

3. The doctor

   was looking

   at the X-ray.

Use 6 

To form Present and Past Perfect Tense

• Present Perfect

Examples:

1. I

   have stayed

   in America for five years.

2. We

   have worked

   in the school since 1990.

3. You

   have finished

   the letter just now.

• Past Perfect

Examples:

1. I

   had seen

   Madhavi before she was married.

2. We

   had reached

   the stadium when the match started.

3. He started a school after he

   had got

   his degree.

Use 7 

To form Passive Voice

Examples:

1. I

   am informed

   about her marriage.

2. We

   are told

   to wait in the drawing room.

3. He

   is punished

   for neglecting his work.

Participles Rules

Rule 1

Since the participle is a verb-adjective, it must be attached to some noun or pronoun. In other words, it must always have a proper subject of reference.

Examples:

1. Being

   a very hot day, I remained in my house.

   (Incorrect)

2. It being

   a very hot day, I remained in my house.

(Correct, because the participle ‘being’ does not have any word to which it refers)

1. Sitting

   at the gate, a scorpion stung him.

   (Incorrect)

2. While he was sitting

   at the gate, a scorpion stung him.

(Correct, because the participle ‘sitting’ does not reflect who was sitting at the gate.)

(On the face of it, the sentence reflects as if the scorpion was sitting at the gate, which is absurd.)

Rule 2

A present participle should not be used to express an action which is not simultaneous with the action of the principal verb.

Examples:

1. He

   flew

   to Washington on Sunday,

   arriving

   there on Monday evening

   (Incorrect)

2. He

   flew to

   Washington on Sunday and

   arrived

   there on Monday evening.

   (Correct)

Rule 3

Past Participle represents a completed action or state of the thing spoken of.

Examples:

(a) Blinded by the gusty winds, they fell into disorder.

(b) Insulted by his friends, he left the party.

Rule 4

Perfect Participle represents an action as complete at some time in past.

Examples:

(a) Having finished their work, they left for their homes.

(6) Having signed the documents, he shook hands with the members of the delegation.

Rule 5

Such participle as regarding, concerning, considering, taking, speaking, touching owing to cannot be used with agreement with any noun or pronoun.

Examples:

(a) Considering his talents, he should have done better.

(b) Regarding your problems, nothing much can be done at this moment.

Rule 6

There must be a strong subject while using participle.

Examples:

(a) Returning home, the moon went behind the clouds.

(Incorrect; because, we do not know who was returning home)

While he was returning home, the moon went behind the clouds. (correct)

Or

While returning home, he saw the moon went behind the clouds. (correct)

Participles exercise or worksheet

Exercise 1

Combine the pairs of sentences by using present participles:

1.She was reading a book.
I saw her.

2.They were playing chess.
We found them.

3.He children were playing in the garden.
We noticed them.

4.Padma was waiting for a bus.
I found her.

5.The Police were arresting him.
We watched it.

6.He was reading my diary.
I caught him.

7.She was taking out money from his pocket.
Her husband saw it.

8.Madhavi was talking to her friend.
I hear her.

9.He was directing the film.
We watched him.

10.The dog was barking at the postman.
We noticed it.

11.The boy was climbing the tree.
We saw it.

12.He was walking into the hotel.
I noticed that.

13.She was filling up the application form.
I found it.

14.They were playing cricket in the ground.
I saw this.

15.They were laughing.
They were talking.
They were drinking and eating.
I found all these things.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with present participles:

1. I saw her

   _____

   english to school children.

2. _____

   the language, I faced many troubles in Delhi.

3. _____

   money and

   _____

   friends, I could not know what to do.

4. _____

   along the road, we saw a dead snake.

5. We found Krishna

   _____

   to her sister.

6. I noticed Madhu

   _____

    the child into her arms.

7. _____

   through the window, he found a car in front of his house.

8. _____

   she is fit for the job, I sent her a call for the interview.

9. _____

   away the newspaper, I looked at the main gate.

10. _____

    that she love me, I asked her to marry me.

Exercise 3

Correct the following sentences:

1. Being a fine day, we started the work.
2. Being a holiday, I have no work to do.
3. Having failed in the first attempt, no further attempt was made by him.
4. Having no friends in Delhi, the streets could not be known.
5. Waiting for a friend at the bus stop, a stone was thrown.
6. Looking at the window, a lizard was creeping on the wall.
7. Walking along the road, a dead body was lying on the ground.
8. Returning from office, the cycle tire was burst.
9. Entering the room, the light was dim.

Participles Pdf

Participles


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Những điều cần biết về phân từ- Participles.

 

Trong bài này, trung tâm Anh ngữ Oxford English UK Vietnam xin giới thiệu với các bạn một số kiến thức cơ bản về phân từ .

1. Định nghĩa về phân từ ( Phân động từ – Participles )

 

Phân động từ là từ do động từ tạo ra và nó có đặc tính như một tính từ. 

Phân từ gồm 2 loại: Hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ.
– Hiện tại phân từ chính là động từ thêm đuôi ”-ing”. Hiện tại phân từ còn được gọi là danh động từ, được thành lập bằng cách thêm ”-ing” vào sau động từ.
– Quá khứ phân từ hay còn gọi là  phân từ hai của động từ, có dạng ”V-ed” (đối với các động từ có quy tắc) và các động từ nằm ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng liệt kê các động từ bất quy tắc.

2. Các dạng của Phân động từ: ACTIVE (Chủ động) & PASSIVE (Bị động)

Các dạng của Phân động từ:

 

ACTIVE

(Chủ động)

PASSIVE

(Bị động)

a/ PRESENT …..

writing

being written

b/ PAST …..

writing

written

c/ PERFECT …..

having written

having been written

 

a/ Hiện tại phân từ: V-ing + phân từ: Tức là động từ thêm đuôi ING vào cuối

b/ Quá phân từ : Mà được tạo thành bằng cách thêm ED vào sau Động từ thường, còn Những động từ Bất qui tắc thì phải học thuộc lòng, và Cột cuối cùng là Past Particple (PP hay P2). IRREGULAR VEBS – (Động từ bất quy tắc)

3. Theo luật chung:

3.1. Present Participle (Phân từ thời hiện tại):

Cách dùng của hiện tại phân từ:

• Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định như thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, tương lai tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn và tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn. học tiếng anh online
• Dùng như  bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ. Trong tiếng Anh, những câu dạng S + Be + complement thì ”complement” ở đây được gọi là bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ.
• Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.

Hiện tại phân từ của động từ đều tận cùng bằng (+ING) visiting, going, ending, walking, …

a. Nếu động từ có E câm ở cuối , ta bỏ E đi rồi mới thêm ING: write-writing

b. Nếu động từ ở cuối có phụ âm, và trước phụ âm mà có một nguyên âm, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm rồi mới thêm ING: cut – cutting, run – running

c. Nếu động từ có IE ở cuối , ta đổi IE thành Y rồi mới thêm ING: tie – tying, die – dying, lie – lying

3.2 Về

quá khứ phân từ

:

Cách dùng quá khứ phân từ:

• Dùng trong các thì hoàn thành như hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ hoàn thành, tương lại hoàn thành.
• Dùng như tính từ trong câu.
• Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn. 

3.2.2: Có quy tắc (Regular verbs).

a. Nếu động từ có E câm ở cuối, ta bỏ E đi rồi mới thêm -ING: invite – invited, smile – smiled

b. Nếu động từ ở cuối có phụ âm, và trước phụ âm mà có một nguyên âm , ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm rồi mới thêm ING: rub – rubbed, stop – stopped

c. Nếu động từ có kết thúc Y, ta đổi Y thành IE rồi mới thêm ED, Vd: study – studied. carry – carried

3.2.3: Bất quy tắc (Irregular verbs).

Xem Bảng Động từ bất quy tắc

4. Phân động tự có thể dùng làm tính từ thực sự

Ví dụ: Working woman (người phụ nữ đang làm việc) Sleeping child (đứa bé đang ngủ) Broken glass (cái ly vỡ)

5. Trạng từ có gốc từ Phân động từ:

a. Thêm LY thì thành trạng từ :

mockingly (một cách chế nhạo). undoubtedly ( một cách chắc chắn – không nghi ngờ).

b. Chia ở lối so sánh sẽ giống như các tính từ có nhiều âm tiết (đa âm), bằng cách thêm MORE và MOST.

Ví dụ: It is difficult to find a more charming partner. He is considered the most admired person of those.

c. Dùng làm danh từ khi có mạo từ “THE” đứng trước.

Ví dụ: He is not more among the living. It was very difficult to find him among the wounded at the battlefield.

6. Phân động từ dùng để:

a. Động từ tiếp diễn sau “TO BE”.

b. Dùng sau động từ về tri giác như: see, hear, feel, etc… thay cho infinitive để chỉ việc đang diễn tiếp.
 Ví dụ: Do you hear her calling? Did you see the girls walking in the park? I saw them walking in the park very late last night.

c. Chỉ một việc đồng thời xảy ra với động từ chính:
Ví dụ: He came running to see his close girlfriend. Step by step, they followed dancing.

d. Chỉ một việc cùng xảy ra hoặc ngay trước việc khác
Ví dụ: He came to visit her, bringing his son with him. Hearing the noise outside, we rush out of the room at once.

7. Phân động từ có thể dùng làm tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ấy.
Ví dụ: The boy wearing the blue jeans is his son. Taking morning exercise everyday, you can improve your health. Having been built, the ship was checked carefully.

8. Không dùng Phân động từ làm động từ:
Ví dụ:

He typed a letter. (sai) He has typed a letter. (đúng)

The children going downstairs. (sai) The children are going downstairs. (đúng)

Để tham khảo các khóa học và biết thêm thông tin chi tiết hãy liên hệ với chúng tôi:

 

 

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