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How to Use Present Perfect Tense: Rules and Examples

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As a writer, you need to have a strong grasp of the different tenses in order to be clear in your communication. 

To review, the English language has three simple tenses: 

  • Simple past tense: describes something that happened in a definite time in the past
  • Simple present tense: describes something that happens in the present
  • Simple future tense: describes something that will happen in the future

In addition to the simple tenses, there are also three perfect tenses: past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect.

In this post, we will be discussing the correct use of the present perfect tense. 

What Is the Present Perfect Tense? 

The present perfect tense describes an action that has taken place or a condition that has come to pass by the time of speaking. Other conditions will be described below. 

To form the present perfect tense, use has/have + past participle of the verb

For example: 

  • I have gone to the gym three times this month. 
  • She has decided to take a gap year before college. 
  • They have filed for a divorce. 

Take note that the event actually happened in the past, but we do not use the past tense. Why?

What Is the Difference Between the Past Tense and the Present Perfect Tense? 

One key difference is that the simple past tense refers to events completed in the past. The present perfect tense may refer to things that happened in the past, but they normally continue into the present, or refer to a present reality, such as in the case of something that has happened several times. 

For example: 

  • Past Tense: Jem and I were great friends when we were kids. (Since we used the past tense, this means that the state of being great friends is no longer true. It could be because Jem has since moved away and we haven’t been in touch.) 
  • Present Perfect Tense: Jem and I have been great friends since we were kids. (In this case, Jem is still around, and the friendship continues.) 

Another difference is when you’re describing a finished action. If the person is still alive, the finished action is an experience that the person had, in which case you should use present perfect. But if the person is dead, use the past tense. 

For example: 

  • Past Tense: My grandmother (who is now dead) went to Hawaii three times. 
  • Present Perfect Tense: My brother has been to Hawaii three times. 

Although both the past and present perfect may refer to things that finished in the past, if the action has a result in the present, use the present perfect tense. If it has no connection to the present, use past tense. 

For example: 

  • Past Tense: I lost my wallet yesterday. I had to go to the bank to get all my cards stopped. (The action was completed yesterday, and it has no more connection to what’s going on now.) 
  • Present Perfect Tense: I’ve lost my wallet! How do I make sure nobody uses my credit cards? (The loss happened in the past, but the speaker is still dealing with the result.) 

How Do We Use Present Perfect Tense? 

The present perfect tense is used in the following situations: 

1. Actions that have occurred at an unspecified time in the past.

When you name a specific time in the past, you use the past tense. But for an unspecified time, you can use the present perfect tense. For example: 

  • The students have finished preparing their report. 
  • She has received her fiance’s letter and she’s happily reading it now. 
  • All the staff members have read the email.  

2. To describe an action done repeatedly at an indefinite time in the past.

When you want to describe an event or action that has happened several times, but during an unspecified period in the past, you can use the simple present tense, as in the examples below: 

  • The boy has seen the movie five times. 
  • The church bell has rung two times. 
  • The baby has pooped three times since his mother left. 

3. To describe recent events associated with the present time. 

You also use the present perfect tense to describe an event that recently occurred, or which has a result felt in the present time. For example: 

  • The boat has just arrived at the port. Let’s go pick up our guests! 
  • She has left the house. I think we’re too late. 
  • The water has reached a boil. Now, put in your pasta. 

4. To describe an event or action that began in the past but continues up to the present.

When you want to talk about something that started happening in the past but continues during the time of speaking, use the present perfect tense, as in the examples below: 

  • We have homeschooled my son since he was in kindergarten. 
  • She has lived in New York her whole life. 
  • The mayor has consistently shown his dedication to public service since the coronavirus pandemic began. 

5. To talk about a change that has happened over time. 

When you want to describe how something or someone has changed over time, use the present perfect tense: 

  • She has grown so much taller over the summer. 
  • The teenagers in the house have finally outgrown their sassiness. 
  • Buck has gotten used to living in survival mode in the wild. 

6. To talk about things achieved but without a specific time period. 

The present perfect tense is also used for describing accomplishments achieved, but only for those that do not come with a specified period in the past. 

  • Man has trained every kind of animal, but no one can tame the tongue. 
  • The company has won the Albert Einstein Award for Best Research. 
  • The school football team has won the championship at least once. 

Present Perfect Tense Quiz

To check your understanding of the present perfect tense, we have prepared this PDF Quiz for you. Circle the correct tense for each sentence. You can also find the questions and answer key below.

  1. The baby [has grown / grew] two kilograms since his placement in his adoptive family. 
  2. The seagull [has flown / flew] South at the start of last winter. 
  3. When the clock struck six, the churchbells [have rung / rang]
  4. The naughty little boy [has terrorized / terrorized] every teacher he’s had since he entered this school. 
  5. She [has learned / learned] to bake a cake, so now she can make her son’s birthday cake at minimal cost. 
  6. Mrs. Bowman [has given / gave] her class the greatest volume of homework they’ve ever seen. 
  7. The sisters [have seen / saw] the entire Gilmore Girls TV series more than half a dozen times. 
  8. The writer [has lived / lived] on a farm since she was born; no wonder her books featuring farm animals seem so realistic. 
  9. The airplane [has just landed / just landed] at Changi International Airport. Do you hear it? 
  10. The students [studied / have studied] their lesson, so they should be fine taking the exam now. 

Answer Key: 

  1. The baby has grown two kilograms since his placement in his adoptive family. 
  2. The seagull flew South at the start of last winter. 
  3. When the clock struck six, the churchbells rang
  4. The naughty little boy has terrorized every teacher he’s had since he came in this school. 
  5. She has learned to bake a cake, so now she can make her son’s birthday cake at minimal cost. 
  6. Mrs. Bowman has given her class the greatest volume of homework they’ve ever seen. 
  7. The sisters have seen The Gilmore Girls TV series more than half a dozen times. 
  8. The writer has lived on a farm since she was born; no wonder her books about farm animals seem so realistic. 
  9. The airplane has just landed at Changi International Airport. Do you hear it? 
  10. The students have studied their lesson, so they should be fine taking the exam now. 

Using the Present Perfect Tense 

While the differences between some tenses mays seem subtle, they can actually make a significant difference in both the perceived meaning of your writing and its quality.

Studying the different verb tenses thoroughly (even if you’re a native English speaker!) will help you to speak and write with greater skill and precision.

Do you have any questions about the present perfect tense? Share them in the comments below!

 

If you enjoyed this post, then you might also like:

Yen Cabag is the Blog Writer of TCK Publishing. She is also a homeschooling mom, family coach, and speaker for the Charlotte Mason method, an educational philosophy that places great emphasis on classic literature and the masterpieces in art and music. She has also written several books, both fiction and nonfiction. Her passion is to see the next generation of children become lovers of reading and learning in the midst of short attention spans.

[Update] Present Perfect: правила и примеры. Как образуется Present Perfect. Предложения в Present Perfect. | the present perfect tense – NATAVIGUIDES

Понятие настоящего времени в английском языке не всегда совпадает с нашим. Одним из самых ярких примеров такого различия как раз является Present Perfect.

В этой статье мы разберемся, что такое Present Perfect, как оно образуется, в каких случаях употребляется, каким правилам подчиняется и закрепим знания на реальных примерах предложений с переводом.

Что такое Present Perfect Tense?

Present Perfect Tense (Present Perfect) — это настоящее совершенное время в английском языке. Оно обозначает действие, которое завершилось в настоящий момент времени.

В этом и состоит основная сложность времени Present Perfect для изучающих. В русском языке нет времени аналогичного Present Perfect. Для нас если что-то происходит сейчас — это и есть настоящее, а если совершилось — это уже прошлое.

Но не для англичан. Они воспринимают время немного по-другому. По логике носителей языка, действие вполне может закончиться и в настоящем или близко к настоящему моменту. Для выражения такой связи прошлого с настоящим и существует Present Perfect.

Из-за этих особенностей в понимании действий и времени — на русский язык Present Perfect обычно переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени.

I have already done my homework — Я уже сделал домашнее задание

В этом примере используется время Present Perfect (have done), потому что речь идет о том, что действие (работа над домашним заданием) закончилось совсем недавно.

Но на русский язык мы переводим предложение используя прошедшее время (уже сделал).

Как образуется Present Perfect?

Время Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have / has и Past Participle (третьей формы смыслового глагола: V3).

Вспомогательный глагол меняется в зависимости от подлежащего:

  • I / You / We / They → have (для 1-го, 2-го лица и форм множественного числа)
  • She / He / It → has (для 3-го лица единственного числа)

Завершает конструкцию времени Present Perfect смысловой глагол в третьей форме (V3).

Если смысловой глагол правильной формы — то его третья форма (V3) образуется при помощи окончания -ed.

Если смысловой глагол неправильный — то его третью форму (V3) берем из таблицы неправильных глаголов.

Например:

  • to try → tried (пытаться)
    to cook → cooked (готовить)
    to finish → finished (заканчивать)
  • to get → got (получать)
    to keep → kept (хранить)
    to see → seen (видеть)

Утверждение:

Утвердительное предложение в Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола have / has и смыслового глагола с окончанием -ed для правильных глаголов или третьей формы неправильного глагола (V3) по формуле:

  • I / You / We / They + have + Ved (V3)
  • She / He / It + has + Ved (V3)

I have decided — Я решил

You have played — Ты играл

He has done — Он сделал

It has turned on — Оно включилось

В предложениях и повседневной речи часто можно встретить сокращенную форму вспомогательных глаголов have / has. Она образуется при помощи добавления к подлежащему ‘ve (для have) или ‘s (для has):

  • I have = I’ve
  • You have = You’ve
  • We have = We’ve
  • They have = They’ve
  • She has = She’s
  • He has = He’s
  • It has = It’s

I’ve done my tasks — Я выполнил свои задачи

He’s washed the dishes — Он вымыл посуду

Отрицание:

Отрицательные предложения в Present Perfect образуется при помощи добавления частицы not после вспомогательного глагола have / has, но перед основным смысловым глаголом. Формула выглядит следующим образом:

  • I / You / We / They + have not + Ved (V3)
  • She / He / It + has not + Ved (V3)

I have not done my homework — Я не сделал домашнюю работу

They have not come — Они не пришли

She has not finished her tasks — Она не выполнила свои задачи

It has not turned on — Оно не включилось

В отрицании частицу not можно сократить путем присоединения ее к вспомогательному глаголу have / has:

  • Have not = haven’t
  • Has not = hasn’t

I haven’t washed my hair — Я не помыл волосы

She hasn’t been to London yet — Она еще не была в Лондоне

Вопрос:

Вопросительное предложение в Present Perfect образуется путем постановки вспомогательного глагола have / has в начало предложения. Формула будет такой:

  • Have + I / You / We / They + Ved (V3)
  • Has + She / He / It + Ved (V3)

Have I bought all the presents? — Я купил все подарки?

Have you finished the classes? — Ты закончил занятия?

Has she just arrived home? — Она только что приехала домой?

Has it turned on? — Оно включилось?

Специальные вопросы образуются при помощи question words (вопросительных слов). Таких, как when (когда), how (как), what (что), where (где) и других. Далее идет такой же порядок слов, как и в вопросе.

  • QW + have + I / You / We / They + Ved (V3)
  • QW + has + She / He / It + Ved (V3)

What has he just said? — Что он только что сказал?

How long have you knocked on the door? — Как давно ты стучал в дверь?

Когда употребляется Present Perfect?

А сейчас рассмотрим самые распространенные случаи употребления и использования времени Present Perfect в речи:

  • Завершенное действие в настоящем

В таком случае акцент ставится на результат завершенного действия. Другими словами, когда результат действия виден в настоящем.

I have cooked a good dinner — Я приготовил хороший ужин (действие завершилось, результат — хороший ужин)

I know Nina. We have already met — Я знаю Нину. Мы уже встречались (встреча произошла в прошлом, но нас интересует результат в настоящем)

  • Незавершенное действие в настоящем

Время Present Perfect используется в случае, когда мы описываем действие, которое началось в прошлом, еще не закончилось в настоящем, но результат очевиден.

I’ve written five pages of the new book this morning — Я написал пять страниц новой книги этим утром (утро еще не закончилось, он может написать еще несколько страниц)

She has finished watching “Harry Potter” this week — Она закончила смотреть «Гарри Поттера» на этой неделе (неделя еще идет, но она уже закончила смотреть фильм)

  • Факт действия / личный опыт

Если говорящему важно подчеркнуть факт какого-то свершившегося события без точного указания времени — на помощь также приходит Present Perfect. Часто это время используется, когда мы говорим о своем прошлом опыте или же, спрашиваем об этом своего собеседника.

I have been to Bratislava — Я был (бывал) в Братиславе

В вопросе, когда мы интересуемся фактом из чьей-то жизни — используем также Present Perfect:

Have you ever been to France? — Ты когда-нибудь был (бывал) во Франции?

Маркеры времени Present Perfect

Present Perfect употребляется с неточными выражениями и словами, которые указывают на еще не закончившийся период времени

  • never (никогда)
  • ever (когда-либо)
  • already (уже)
  • yet (еще) / not yet (еще нет)
  • often (часто)
  • lately (в последнее время)
  • just (только что)
  • once (однажды)
  • recently (недавно)
  • before (раньше)
  • today (сегодня)
  • this week (на этой неделе)
  • this year (в этом году)
  • for an hour (в течение часа)
  • for a long time (долгое время)
  • since two o’clock – с двух часов
  • ince December – с Декабря

Примеры предложений Present Perfect с переводом

Утвердительные:

I’ve studied English since my childhood — Я учил английский язык с детства

She has visited this beauty shop recently — Она недавно заходила в этот магазин косметики

People have walked on the Moon — Люди ходили по Луне.

We’ve just eaten, so we don’t want to go to the cafe — Мы только что поели, так что не хотим идти в кафе

I have just cut my finger — Я только что порезал свой палец

Отрицательные:

He has not returned from school yet — Он еще не вернулся из школы

I haven’t bought the new car. This is my old one — Я не купил новую машину. Это старая

Jane hasn’t been to Asia yet — Джейн еще не была в Азии

I have not been at university this week because of the flu — Я не был на этой неделе в университете из-за гриппа

I haven’t replaced the batteries in the doorbell — Я не заменил батарейки в дверном звонке

Вопросительные:

Have you seen this film about space? — Ты видел этот фильм о космосе?

Has Jimmy bought the tickets yet? — Джимми уже купил билеты?

How many deals has she made at the moment? — Сколько сделок она заключила на текущий момент?

How much coffee have you drunk today? — Сколько кофе ты сегодня выпил?

How long have you known Mary? — Как давно ты знаешь Мэри?


Present Perfect


In this video, students learn two common uses of the present perfect tense. They also learn the difference between regular and irregular past participles. For more videos and lessons, visit us at https://esllibrary.com.
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Present Perfect

Understanding The Present Perfect


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Understanding The Present Perfect

Have You Ever …? Present Perfect Tense – Practice Learn English Conversation


There are so many interesting experiences and activities in life when we recount our experiences, we often use the Present perfect tense to describe. Watch the video below to learn more about the Present perfect tense. EnglishJessica
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Have You Ever ...? Present Perfect Tense - Practice Learn English Conversation

8- شرح زمن المضارع التام في اللغه الانجليزيه Present Perfect


شرح زمن المضارع التام في اللغه الانجليزيه Present Perfect .عندنا في اللغه العربيه الموضوع بسيط جدا فيما يتعلق بالازمنه هم 3 ازمنه اما ماضي او مضارع او مستقبل
لكن في اللغه الانجليزيه الموضوع مختلف بعض الشئ كل زمن له 4 صور
واصعبهم بالنسبه للكثير هي الصور التامه
ولكن الموضوع اسهل مما تتخيل 🙂
كما يمكنك مشاهدة الدروس السابقه من هنا :
شرح زمن الماضي البسيط Past Simple
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlbFDiuwlF0
شرح زمن المضارع البسيط Present Simple
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TjpEcrNbCc
شرح زمن المستقبل البسيط Future Simple
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDhm2xLyg8
شرح زمن الماضي المستمر Past Continuous
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqQG54ydsY
شرح زمن المضارع المستمر Present Continuous
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBzkMfEXj1s
شرح زمن المستقبل المستمر Future Continuous
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Vkhcvq9uw
شرح زمن الماضي التام في اللغه الانجليزيه Past Perfect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QehpHhgN04

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8- شرح زمن المضارع التام في اللغه الانجليزيه Present Perfect

The Present Perfect vs The Present Perfect Continuous | ALL differences


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The Present Perfect vs The Present Perfect Continuous | ALL differences

นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูบทความเพิ่มเติมในหมวดหมู่LEARN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

ขอบคุณมากสำหรับการดูหัวข้อโพสต์ the present perfect tense

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