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Home » [Update] Gramática em inglês: Como usar o Present Perfect | present perfect movie – NATAVIGUIDES

[Update] Gramática em inglês: Como usar o Present Perfect | present perfect movie – NATAVIGUIDES

present perfect movie: นี่คือโพสต์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับหัวข้อนี้

Não adianta negar: o Present Perfect para nós, brasileiros, é um bicho de sete cabeças. Ao menos, no começo. Ele fala de um tempo verbal que não tem equivalente em nossa língua portuguesa. Porém, depois que você pega o jeito de usar, percebe que é um tempo muito útil. E nem precisa ser tão difícil assim.

A estrutura, muitos já conhecem:

have/has + verbo no particípio

Para ajudar você a entender o Present Perfect, vamos mostrar as situações em que ele é usado.

Como usar o Present Perfect

1 – Algo que começou no passado e ainda é verdade no presente

• Você trabalha ou estuda no mesmo lugar há algum tempo? Então, é algo que começou no passado e ainda é verdade no presente, certo? Esta é a 1ª situação ideal para o Present Perfect:

I have worked at English Live since 2007. (Trabalho na English Live desde 2007).

• O mesmo vale para algo que começou no passado e ainda não terminou, conforme esperávamos que tivesse terminado:

It hasn’t stopped raining yet and the kids haven’t finished their homework! (Não parou de chover ainda e as crianças não terminaram a lição de casa!)

• Existem processos que acontecem com o decorrer do tempo. Você não sabe quando a mudança começou, mas constata, quando fala, que ela ainda está em progresso ou que seus resultados ainda são visíveis, ainda têm efeito no presente. Como crescer – aposto que, um dia, você já ouviu sua tia dizer:

You have grown so much since the last time I saw you! (Você cresceu tanto desde a última vez que eu o vi!).

• Quando você está no meio de um acontecimento ou processo, como uma semana difícil no trabalho:

I have had seven meetings this week (Tive sete reuniões esta semana.)

E o fato de eu ter usado o Present Perfect aqui indica que este processo ainda não terminou, ou seja, que eu ainda vou ter mais reuniões antes de a semana acabar).

2 – Já aconteceu, mas não importa quando

• Você já teve um momento inesquecível ou uma experiência marcante na sua vida? Você pode falar sobre isso sem mencionar o dia exato em que aconteceu, porque o importante é que aconteceu e não quando. Então, pode usar o Present Perfect:

My family has been to London. (Minha família já esteve em Londres.)

(Uma vez na vida, não importa quando, mas foi uma experiência única, que marcou).

• Se você quiser perguntar se alguém já fez algo na vida, independente do momento em que fez, pode usar o Present Perfect. Não importa se o ato é marcante ou não, desde que ainda tenha algum efeito na vida da pessoa. O conceito é que já aconteceu na vida da pessoa, a vida da pessoa ainda não acabou (portanto, não é passado). E, novamente, não importa exatamente quando. Esse uso se aplica também em ações que acabaram de acontecer, mas que são tão recentes e têm efeitos tão claros, que a mantemos no Present Perfect. Por exemplo:

Have you seen the new movie? (Você já viu o novo filme?)

(Quero saber se você já viu, não me importa quando).

Entendeu? Está menos complicado agora? Espero que sim! Porém, só para ter certeza de que você pode usar este tempo verbal sem medo de ser feliz quando for falar inglês, veja duas dicas extras…

Present Perfect: quando NÃO usar

a) Não use com datas dizendo quando aconteceu. Veja a diferença:

Present Perfect: My family has been to London.
Simple Past: My family traveled to London in 2005. (Minha família viajou para Londres em 2005.)

b) Não use com ações definitivas e pontuais, como nascer ou morrer.

Present perfect pode ser usado com viver: They have lived a long, happy life. (Eles viveram uma longa vida feliz.)

Nascer, que é algo pontual, tem um momento exato, fica com o simple past: Her child was born yesterday. (O filho dela nasceu ontem.)

Diferenças entre simple past, past perfect e present perfect

A principal diferença, além do formato, claro, é a mensagem ou ênfase que se quer passar.

No simple past, a ação começou e encerrou no passado. É algo que tem data, que tem um momento específico e que, em geral, não tem mais influência no presente.

Com o present perfect, a ação não pode ter data específica, o “quando” exatamente não importa. Essa ação não se encerra completamente no passado, ou seja, ainda tem alguma influência no presente ou pode efetivamente ainda estar em curso.

Já o past perfect se refere a uma ação do passado (num momento especificado ou não) que terminou antes de outra ação no passado ou antes de um momento específico no passado.

Vamos organizar essa informação num quadro?

COMO É?PRESENT PERFECTSIMPLE PASTPAST PERFECTFormaHave/has + verbo no past participle
Verbo Regular: +ed
Verbo Irregular: variaHad + verbo no past participle
FocoA ação ainda está em curso: ou ainda está de fato acontecendo, ou tem, ao menos, alguma influência no presente.A ação está completamente no passado, aconteceu num ponto específico do tempo (como yesterday, last month, one year ago…) e, em geral, está encerrada.A ação é anterior a outra ação, também no passado. Acaba sendo sequencialTempo da açãoSe o período citado não tiver terminado ou se não houver período, use o present perfect.
I’ve watched a lot of good movies this year. (Vi/Andei vendo muitos filmes bons este ano.)
Lembrete: O present perfect não pode ser usado com períodos específicos e encerrados do passado.Se você quiser especificar quando aconteceu, precisa usar o simple past. A ação está claramente terminada:
I saw a good movie on Saturday. (Vi um filme bom no sábado) Ação do passado (num momento especificado ou não) que terminou antes de outra ação no passado ou antes de um momento específico no passado, sendo que o primeiro momento costuma ser indicado pelo simple past:
When the kids got home, I had already prepared the dinner. (Quando as crianças chegaram em casa, eu já tinha preparado o jantar.)Resultado da açãoSe a ação ainda tiver resultados ou influência no presente, use o present perfect.
I‘ve lost my keys and I can’t find them anywhere! (Perdi minhas chaves e não encontro em lugar nenhum)Se a ação não tiver resultados ou influência no presente, use o simple past.
I lost my keys, but I found them later. (Perdi minhas chaves, mas achei depois)Se a ação não apenas estiver completamente isolada no passado, mas formar uma sequência com uma posterior, use o past perfect.
When I got home, I realized I had lost my keys at the party. (Quando cheguei em casa, percebi que tinha perdido minhas chaves na festa)

PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST

Imagine a situação: você acabou de chegar em casa depois de um longo dia e quer dizer que fez muito hoje. Qual seria a diferença entre usar o simple past e o present perfect?

Simple past: I did so many things today!

Você usa o simple past se quiser dizer que fez muito hoje e não vai fazer mais nada. O foco aqui é no fato de o dia estar encerrado. Você coloca a ação completamente no passado. Provavelmente, vai chegar em casa e dormir.

Present perfect: I have done so many things today!

Que tal aproveitar e conferir tudo que o curso de inglês da English Live tem para oferecer?

Vanessa Spirandeo

Trabajo con contenido e interacción en EF English Live desde 2010. Me encantan los idiomas y la cultura, leer, escribir, aprender y compartir.

[Update] Present perfect | present perfect movie – NATAVIGUIDES

Uitdaging

De voltooid tegenwoordige tijd noemen we in de Engelse taal de present perfect. Denk bijvoorbeeld aan zinnen als: Ik heb deze serie helemaal gezien. Wij zijn op vakantie geweest. Pieter heeft in het zwembad gezwommen.

In deze theorie gaan we twee dingen behandelen: wanneer gebruik je de present perfect en hoe maak je de present perfect van regelmatige werkwoorden en onregelmatige werkwoorden?

Methode

Wanneer gebruik je de present perfect?

De present perfect heeft alles te maken met het verleden en het nu. Voor het verleden ken je al de past simple en de past continuous, tijden die je gebruikt voor iets dat al is afgelopen of al is gebeurd.

De present perfect heeft ook nu nog invloed of is nog steeds bezig. Het is de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd, dus aan de ene kant is het al voltooid (in het verleden), maar is het ook nog bezig of heeft het nog invloed (in het heden).

De volgende zinnen zeggen iets over het verleden en zijn ook nu nog bezig:

– Celine, our newborn baby, has slept since she was born.
– Graham has lived in London since the summer of 2010.
– I have played football for three years.

De volgende zinnen zeggen iets over het verleden en hebben nu nog invloed:

– We have never been to that restaurant.
– I have seen this movie six times already.
– Robert has lost his keys.

Signaalwoorden, woorden waaraan je ziet dat het ook nu nog van invloed is of nog steeds bezig is, zijn for, since, already, ever en never.

Hieronder zie je één zin in de tijden die je tot nu toe hebt geleerd, zodat je de verschillen van deze tijden goed kunt vergelijken:

– I learn English. –> present simple –> Feit
– I am learning English. –> present continuous –> Nu
– I learned English. –> past simple –> Afgelopen
– I was learning English. –> past continuous –> Afgelopen
– I have learned English. –> present perfect –> Het is gebeurd (voltooid) en heeft ook nu nog invloed.

 

Hoe maak je de present perfect?

Om de present perfect te maken heb je altijd 2 werkwoorden nodig:

  • have / has + voltooid deelwoord

– Marc has lived in Laren since 2002.
– We have worked on our business idea for 3 years.
– You haven’t been to that shop. –> ontkennend (You have not been to that shop.)
– I have never eaten that in my life!

Regelmatige werkwoorden (to live, to work, etc.) krijgen dus -ed erachter als voltooid deelwoord. Belangrijke uitzonderingen zijn:

  • Werkwoorden die eindigen op -e, krijgen alleen -d erachter:
    – to bake: baked
  • Werkwoorden die eindigen op -c, krijgen -ked erachter:
    – to panic: panicked
  • Werkwoorden die eindigen op -y, met een medeklinker ervoor, krijgen -ied:
    – to marry: married
  • Werkwoorden die kort zijn, één klinker in zich hebben en waarbij maar één klemtoon mogelijk is, schrijf je met een extra laatste medeklinker voor -ed:
    – to swap: swapped
  • Werkwoorden die eindigen op een l, met één klinker ervoor krijgen een extra l:
    – to travel: travelled

Het voltooid deelwoord van een onregelmatig werkwoord moet je gewoon leren, zoals been (to be) en eaten (to eat). Hieronder zie je een lijstje van de present perfect van een aantal veel voorkomende onregelmatige werkwoorden:

– has / have been (to be – zijn)
– has / have bought (to buy – kopen)
– has / have done (to do – doen)
– has / have eaten (to eat – eten)
– has / have felt (to feel – (zich) voelen)
– has / have got (to get – krijgen)
– has / have have (to had – hebben)
– has / have kept (to keep – houden)
– has / have made (to make – maken)
– has / have said (to say – zeggen)
– has / have seen (to see – zien)
– has / have told (to tell – zeggen)
– has / have won (to win – winnen)
– has / have written (to write – schrijven)


When to Use the Present Perfect Tense | With example sentences


The present perfect tense connects the past with the present. When using this verb tense, we can be talking about an action or event that occurred in the past but will be referring to how it relates to the present. We use the present perfect when describing certain life experiences.
Imagine that you and your friends are at university and you’ve just come back to campus from the summer vacation; you are all very excited to tell your friends about your amazing internships or the beautiful places you went or the wonderful times you had with your family. One member of the bunch says, This summer I hiked Mt. Everest. Not to be outdone, you might say, I have climbed Mt. Everest and several other high peaks. Again, we use the present perfect to describe actions and events which occurred in the past, which are also of particular importance in the present moment.
Examples:
I have boated on three of the world’s longest rivers.
We have never sailed the Atlantic Ocean.
Lance Armstrong has won the Tour de France multiple times.
Jessie has been to Disneyworld seven times.
2 To describe changes over a period of time
We can also use the present perfect to describe events which occurred gradually and over time in the past, especially when these had a lasting influence on the present.
As a further example, imagine that you’re low on petrol (gas in American English) and you stop to refuel. You notice that the gallon/litre has become very expensive recently and exclaim, Gas prices have really risen lately! Or, to provide another example, imagine you have an aunt you haven’t seen in some years. When you do see her again after about 10 years and she has become rather fat, you may say, Wow, Auntie, you have gained weight! Keep in mind, however, these are just grammar concept explanations and not a guide for how to maneuver family reunions.
Examples:
Jeffrey’s Spanish has improved since we spoke last.
Erica’s heart has recovered from the illness.
Timmy’s grades have worsened since last year.
Our house’s value has gone up recently.
3 To describe accomplishments
Accomplishments, especially big ones, usually have a lasting influence on the present; we use the present perfect to describe and relate these accomplishments and milestones.
Examples:
The United States has sent humans to the moon.
The national GDP has grown by 3.2 percent!
Ireland has won freedom!
Grandma has perfected her cornbread recipe.
A continuing action that started in the past
Actions or events that are still occurring, but which began in the past, also require the use of the present perfect.
While this type of situation often involves describing an accomplishment as well, it doesn’t have to, nor does it even have to be positive in nature. Imagine you were stuck on an island all alone without any personal items for a very long time, and one day, exasperated, you said to yourself, I have lived on this deserted island for six years. This would hardly be a positive situation; unless, of course, you enjoy solitude, in which case you probably go back to your cave and play with the pet parrot you’ve adopted.
Examples:
Jessie has played guitar for ten years.
Emma has been a carpenter for a long time.
Jim and Hank have worked at the newspaper for almost their entire lives.
I have stayed awake for 13 hours.

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When to Use the Present Perfect Tense | With example sentences

Present Perfect and Past Simple: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 29


Welcome to the Grammar Gameshow! Test your knowledge in this crazy quiz! The presenter is a bit strange, the points don’t make sense and the prizes could use some improvement, but at least the grammar is correct!
It’s that time again! Another episode of your favourite grammarbased quiz show! Who will our two new contestants be? Whoever they are, they’ll have to face that trickiest of all grammar differences: The present perfect and past simple tenses! When do you use which and why are they so confusing? Who are these two ladies dressed in white? Why do they make the hair on Leslie’s neck stand up? Why does Will feel so uncomfortable? Is it the grammar? Find out all in this episode of the Grammar Gameshow!
For more information, a quiz and other episodes, visit:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit1/session30
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Present Perfect and Past Simple: The Grammar Gameshow Episode 29

Learn/Practice English with MOVIES (Lesson #1) Title: The Incredibles


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Learn/Practice English with MOVIES (Lesson #1) Title: The Incredibles

Present perfect through movies, present perfect examples


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Present perfect through movies, present perfect examples

present perfect tense – part 2 (fill the gap)


presentperfecttense vocabullary grammar mr.gru despicabelme despicabelme3
Present perfect tense
Fill the gap of the sentences with present perfect tense by watching movie clip. Look it carefully and have fun 😉✌

present perfect tense - part 2 (fill the gap)

นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูบทความเพิ่มเติมในหมวดหมู่LEARN FOREIGN LANGUAGE

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