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What Are Participle Phrases? (with Examples)

A participle phrase is an

Examples of Participle Phrases

In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.

(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)

  • Peering over the top of his glasses

    , her tutor shook his head.

  • (The participle phrase describes “her tutor.”)

  • Cracked from top to bottom

    , the mirror was now ruined.

  • (The participle phrase describes “the mirror.”)

  • Look at the panther

    climbing the tree

    .

  • (The participle phrase describes “the panther.”)

  • Sebastian reached across for the pipe,

    signalling his agreement with the chief’s proposal

    .

  • (The participle phrase describes “Sebastian.”)

A Participle Phrase Can Start with a Past Participle or a Present Participle

Here is a quick revision about

  • Present Participles (ending “-ing”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
    • The rising tide
  • Past Participles (usually ending “-ed,” “-d,” “-t,” “-en,” or “-n”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
    • The risen cake

Read more about participles.

More Examples of Participle Phrases

In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)

The VerbThe Present ParticipleThe Past ParticipleExample of a Participle Phrase

To risethe rising sunthe risen sun

Rising out of the sea in front of us

, the sun started to warm our faces.

To printthe printing documentthe printed document

Printed on the very first press

, the document was extremely valuable.

To breakthe breaking newsthe broken news

Broken by a government whistle-blower

, the news is all over the media.

Perfect Participles

Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:

“Having” + [past participle]

Examples:

  • Having seen
  • Having taken
  • Having read

These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.

Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):

  • Having read your book

    , I now understand your position.

  • Having signed the document

    , Jason felt the weight of responsibility lift from his shoulders.

Why Should I Care about Participle Phrases?

Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.

So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.

(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)

(Reason 1) Use a participle phrase to say two or more things about your subject tidily.

A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.

  • Communicating well upwards, downwards and laterally

    , John has managed expectations across the program and ensured that all projects remain oriented towards the program objective.

  • (The participle-phrase-upfront structure has allowed three observations about John to be shoehorned into one sentence.)

  • Having displayed a cooperative spirit from the outset

    , John has become a role model for those seeking to share research ideas and techniques.

  • (Here, it has allowed two observations about John to be recorded in a chronologically tidy way.)

Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.

(Reason 2) Punctuate your participle phrases correctly.

Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.

(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.

  • Removing his glasses

    , the professor shook his head with disappointment.

(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.

  • Scandal is gossip

    made tedious by morality

    . (Playwright Oscar Wilde)

However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)

  • The yellow Ferrari,

    unregistered in the UK and probably stolen in France

    , was used as the get-away car.

Read more about this issue on the page about restrictive (or essential) modifiers.

(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left.

  • The boys loved their boxing gloves,

    wearing them even to bed

    .

(Reason 3) Avoid dangling modifiers, especially when using fronted participle phrases.

  • Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

    , the malaria diagnosis came as a shock.

  • (The shaded text is a participle phrase headed by a perfect participle. It’s meant to be an adjective to a noun (or a pronoun), but that noun doesn’t feature in the sentence. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

  • Overcome by emotion

    , the whole speech was delivered in two- and three-word bursts.

  • (The shaded participle phrase is meant to be an adjective to a noun, but the noun is missing. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.

  • Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

    , Sarah was shocked by the malaria diagnosis.

  • Overcome by emotion

    , he delivered the whole speech in two- and three-word bursts.

Read more about dangling modifiers.

(Reason 4) Avoid misplaced modifiers when using participle phrases.

With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a

  • The meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles,

    scurrying from burrow to burrow

    .

  • (This is not wrong technically (see Reason 2: Guideline 3 above), but it is clumsy and potentially ambiguous – if you knew nothing about meerkats or eagles. Note also that if the comma were missing, this sentence would definitely be wrong because it would mean “the eagles that are scurrying from burrow to burrow” (see Reason 2: Guideline 2 above).)

  • Tattered but not ripped

    , Lee handed the ticket to the doorman.

  • (This is clumsy and potentially ambiguous.)

  • Tim saw David Attenborough,

    filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet

    .

  • (This is clumsy. There are better ways to avoid ambiguity than relying on that comma.)

The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.

  • Scurrying from burrow to burrow, the meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles.

    from burrow to burrow,are acutely aware of the eagles.

  • Lee handed the ticket,

    tattered but not ripped

    , to the doorman.

  • When he was filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet, Tim saw David Attenborough.
  • (Rewording your sentence is often a good idea.)

Read more about misplaced modifiers.

Key Points

  • Use a participle phrase to say something about your subject before you’ve even mentioned your subject. That’s cool. For example:
    • Packed with vitamin C and antioxidants

      , oranges are a popular fruit.

  • Placed at the front of a sentence

    , a participle phrase is offset with a comma.

  • A participle phrase

    placed immediately after the noun its modifying

    is not offset with commas (unless it’s nonessential).

  • Put your participle phrase next to its noun. If there isn’t a noun, you’re dangling (and that’s never good).
    • Having read your letter

      , my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

    • Having read your letter

      , I can assure you that my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

Ready for the Test?

Here is a confirmatory test for this lesson.

This test can also be:

  • Edited (i.e., you can delete questions and play with the order of the questions).
  • Printed to create a handout.
  • Sent electronically to friends or students.

Here is afor this lesson.This test can also be:

A participle phrase is an adjective phrase headed by a participle In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)Here is a quick revision about participles . Remember that a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. There are two types of participles:In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:Examples:These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left. Dangling modifiers are most commonly seen in sentences starting with participle phrases. (A dangling modifier is an error caused by failing to use the word that the modifier is meant to be modifying.)To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a misplaced modifier , the noun being modified is too far away. To avoid a misplaced modifier, make sure it’s obvious which noun (or pronoun) your participle phrase is modifying. Often, context will tell your readers which noun the modifier belongs to, but a misplaced modifier will – at the very least – cause a reading stutter and portray you as a clumsy writer. Sometimes, a misplaced modifier can lead to your sentence being ambiguous.The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.

[NEW] What Are Participle Phrases? | present participle phrase คือ – NATAVIGUIDES

What Are Participle Phrases? (with Examples)

A participle phrase is an

Examples of Participle Phrases

In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.

(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)

  • Peering over the top of his glasses

    , her tutor shook his head.

  • (The participle phrase describes “her tutor.”)

  • Cracked from top to bottom

    , the mirror was now ruined.

  • (The participle phrase describes “the mirror.”)

  • Look at the panther

    climbing the tree

    .

  • (The participle phrase describes “the panther.”)

  • Sebastian reached across for the pipe,

    signalling his agreement with the chief’s proposal

    .

  • (The participle phrase describes “Sebastian.”)

A Participle Phrase Can Start with a Past Participle or a Present Participle

Here is a quick revision about

  • Present Participles (ending “-ing”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
    • The rising tide
  • Past Participles (usually ending “-ed,” “-d,” “-t,” “-en,” or “-n”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
    • The risen cake

Read more about participles.

More Examples of Participle Phrases

In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)

The VerbThe Present ParticipleThe Past ParticipleExample of a Participle Phrase

To risethe rising sunthe risen sun

Rising out of the sea in front of us

, the sun started to warm our faces.

To printthe printing documentthe printed document

Printed on the very first press

, the document was extremely valuable.

To breakthe breaking newsthe broken news

Broken by a government whistle-blower

, the news is all over the media.

Perfect Participles

Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:

“Having” + [past participle]

Examples:

  • Having seen
  • Having taken
  • Having read

These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.

Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):

  • Having read your book

    , I now understand your position.

  • Having signed the document

    , Jason felt the weight of responsibility lift from his shoulders.

Why Should I Care about Participle Phrases?

Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.

So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.

(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)

(Reason 1) Use a participle phrase to say two or more things about your subject tidily.

A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.

  • Communicating well upwards, downwards and laterally

    , John has managed expectations across the program and ensured that all projects remain oriented towards the program objective.

  • (The participle-phrase-upfront structure has allowed three observations about John to be shoehorned into one sentence.)

  • Having displayed a cooperative spirit from the outset

    , John has become a role model for those seeking to share research ideas and techniques.

  • (Here, it has allowed two observations about John to be recorded in a chronologically tidy way.)

Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.

(Reason 2) Punctuate your participle phrases correctly.

Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.

(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.

  • Removing his glasses

    , the professor shook his head with disappointment.

(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.

  • Scandal is gossip

    made tedious by morality

    . (Playwright Oscar Wilde)

However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)

  • The yellow Ferrari,

    unregistered in the UK and probably stolen in France

    , was used as the get-away car.

Read more about this issue on the page about restrictive (or essential) modifiers.

(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left.

  • The boys loved their boxing gloves,

    wearing them even to bed

    .

(Reason 3) Avoid dangling modifiers, especially when using fronted participle phrases.

  • Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

    , the malaria diagnosis came as a shock.

  • (The shaded text is a participle phrase headed by a perfect participle. It’s meant to be an adjective to a noun (or a pronoun), but that noun doesn’t feature in the sentence. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

  • Overcome by emotion

    , the whole speech was delivered in two- and three-word bursts.

  • (The shaded participle phrase is meant to be an adjective to a noun, but the noun is missing. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.

  • Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

    , Sarah was shocked by the malaria diagnosis.

  • Overcome by emotion

    , he delivered the whole speech in two- and three-word bursts.

Read more about dangling modifiers.

(Reason 4) Avoid misplaced modifiers when using participle phrases.

With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a

  • The meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles,

    scurrying from burrow to burrow

    .

  • (This is not wrong technically (see Reason 2: Guideline 3 above), but it is clumsy and potentially ambiguous – if you knew nothing about meerkats or eagles. Note also that if the comma were missing, this sentence would definitely be wrong because it would mean “the eagles that are scurrying from burrow to burrow” (see Reason 2: Guideline 2 above).)

  • Tattered but not ripped

    , Lee handed the ticket to the doorman.

  • (This is clumsy and potentially ambiguous.)

  • Tim saw David Attenborough,

    filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet

    .

  • (This is clumsy. There are better ways to avoid ambiguity than relying on that comma.)

The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.

  • Scurrying from burrow to burrow, the meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles.

    from burrow to burrow,are acutely aware of the eagles.

  • Lee handed the ticket,

    tattered but not ripped

    , to the doorman.

  • When he was filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet, Tim saw David Attenborough.
  • (Rewording your sentence is often a good idea.)

Read more about misplaced modifiers.

Key Points

  • Use a participle phrase to say something about your subject before you’ve even mentioned your subject. That’s cool. For example:
    • Packed with vitamin C and antioxidants

      , oranges are a popular fruit.

  • Placed at the front of a sentence

    , a participle phrase is offset with a comma.

  • A participle phrase

    placed immediately after the noun its modifying

    is not offset with commas (unless it’s nonessential).

  • Put your participle phrase next to its noun. If there isn’t a noun, you’re dangling (and that’s never good).
    • Having read your letter

      , my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

    • Having read your letter

      , I can assure you that my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

Ready for the Test?

Here is a confirmatory test for this lesson.

This test can also be:

  • Edited (i.e., you can delete questions and play with the order of the questions).
  • Printed to create a handout.
  • Sent electronically to friends or students.

Here is afor this lesson.This test can also be:

A participle phrase is an adjective phrase headed by a participle In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)Here is a quick revision about participles . Remember that a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. There are two types of participles:In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:Examples:These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left. Dangling modifiers are most commonly seen in sentences starting with participle phrases. (A dangling modifier is an error caused by failing to use the word that the modifier is meant to be modifying.)To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a misplaced modifier , the noun being modified is too far away. To avoid a misplaced modifier, make sure it’s obvious which noun (or pronoun) your participle phrase is modifying. Often, context will tell your readers which noun the modifier belongs to, but a misplaced modifier will – at the very least – cause a reading stutter and portray you as a clumsy writer. Sometimes, a misplaced modifier can lead to your sentence being ambiguous.The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.


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Advanced English Grammar: Participles


Using participles correctly will dramatically improve the quality of your English writing. If you’re learning English for university, IELTS, TOEFL, or for your career, this advanced writing lesson is for you! You will learn to analyze sentences so that you can understand them fully and write your own. Often, English learners are unsure of whether an \”ing\” word is an adjective or an adverb. In this lesson, you’ll learn how the participle \”having\” includes the subject, verb, and conjunction. I’ll show you many example sentences, and you can practice what you’ve learned on our quiz at https://www.engvid.com/advancedenglishgrammarparticiples/
TRANSCRIPT
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I’m Adam. In today’s video we’re going to look at participles. Now, this is a little bit more advanced grammar, but it’s very useful and it’s used in everyday speaking, but especially for writing and reading because you’re going to see participles everywhere. What participles do is they help you get sentence variety, they help you make your sentences shorter, if necessary, they give you a little bit of style. Okay? There are two participles that we need to look at, they are called the active or passive participle. Sometimes you’ll see them as present or past participle. Past participles, you’re familiar with. Sometimes they’re called the verb three, so: \”eat\”, past tense \”ate\”, past participle is \”eaten\”. Right? So that’s the participle. Now, especially with the \”ing\” you have to be careful because \”ing\” words, although they are verbs with \”ing\”, they can be pretty much anything. They could be a gerund, as you know, so they’re nouns; they could be part of the continuous verb, so \”be going\”, so: \”I am going\”, it’s a continuous action; but \”ing\” words can also be adjectives and adverbs. When they are adjectives and adverbs they are actually participles. So it’s very important to recognize them and know how to use them.
So what I want to do first is I want to look at the adjective participles. Now, what you have to remember about adjective participles, they are… They are reduced adjective clauses. You know an adjective clause, it’s meant to modify a noun. It identifies it or gives extra information about a noun. A participle, an adjective participle is that adjective clause minus the subject and the verb. Okay? But we’re going to look at that in a second.
So let’s look at this sentence first. Oh, sorry, let me… I made a little mistake here. \”Dressed in his classA uniform, the marine looked like a recruitment poster.\” So this is the passive or the past participle ending in \”ed\”, it’s a regular verb, so: \”dressed\”. \”Dressed in his classA uniform\”. Now, if I rearrange the sentence, really, it says: \”The marine, who was dressed in his classA uniform, looked like a recruitment poster.\” Okay? Like a poster that wants people to join the marines, etc. But I can take that adjective clause, I get rid of the \”who was\” or \”who is\”, depending on the tense. Get rid of that, and I’m left with a participle phrase. Now, I can take that participle phrase and move it to the beginning of the sentence, just like I have here. The key when you’re using participles at the beginning… A participle phrase at the beginning of a sentence, you must make sure that the subject, which is not there but it is understood: who was, who is the marine, so the marine who was dressed in his classA, and then the subject of the independent clause must be the same subject. Okay? We’re going to look at a couple more examples.
\”Standing near the window, Marie could see the entire village.\” Look at the other example: \”Standing near the window, the entire village was in view.\” Now, many people will look at both sentences and think: \”Yeah, okay, I understand them. They’re both correct.\” This sentence is incorrect. Why? Because the subject here is \”the village\”. Can the village stand near the window? No, it can’t. So: \”Standing near the window\” means Marie. \”Marie, who was standing near the window, could see the entire village.\” This subject cannot do this action, so you have to make sure that the implied or the understood subject in the participle is the exact same as the subject of the independent clause that follows it. Okay? That’s very, very important. So now what we’re going to do, I’m going to look at a few more examples and I want to show you that you can start the sentence with a participle phrase, but you can also leave it in the middle of the sentence. Okay? Let’s look at that.
Okay, let’s look at these examples now and you’ll see the different positions the participles can take. And again, we’re talking about participle phrases for the most part. \”The jazz musician, known for his tendency to daydream, got into a zone and played for an hour straight.\” Okay? So what we’re doing here, we’re giving you a little bit more information about the musician. We’re not identifying him. We’re giving you extra information, which is why we have the commas.

Advanced English Grammar: Participles

Noun Phrase | English Grammar | iken | ikenedu | ikenApp


This animation teaches the learner to define, identify a noun phrase in a given sentence.
0:00 Introduction to Noun Phrase
1:55 Basics of phrases
2:27 Structure and Function of Noun Phrases
4:00 Examples of Noun Phrase
4:38 Summary
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Noun Phrase | English Grammar | iken | ikenedu | ikenApp

Infinitive phrases in English || Grammar Different usages of an infinitive phrase || Bare infinitive


Before you understand what is an infinitive phrase, let us understand what is an infinitive.
What is an infinitive?
An infinitive is To + V1 (base form of a verb). It functions as a noun adjective, or adverb.
Some examples to sleep, to eat, to learn etc.
Now let’s understand what is an infinitive phrase.
An infinitive phrase is a phrase that starts with an infinitive and works as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
Parts of an Infinitive phrase.
An infinitive phrase has one or more of the following things in it:
1. Infinitive
2. Direct object
3. Complement
4. Modifiers
It always starts with an infinitive and may have one or more of the remaining things in it.
Let’s take some examples and understand this.
Examples of infinitive phrases working as a noun in a sentence:
1. I like (to motivate people).
To motivate Infinitive
People object of the verb \”motivate\”
2. My goal is (to spread happiness).
to spread infinitive
Happiness object of the verb \”spread\”
3. Nobody wants to face bad experiences.
To face infinitive
Bad experiences object of the verb \”face\”
Let’s take some examples of infinitive phrases working as an adjective in a sentence:
1. The person to contact tomorrow is Rohit.
To contact infinitive
Tomorrow modifier(adverb)
\”To contact tomorrow\” is the infinitive phrase that’s modifying the noun \”person\”.
2. It is the time to learn English.
To learn infinitive
English object of the verb \”learn\”
\”To learn English\” is the infinitive phrase that’s working as an adjective and modifying the noun \”time\”. Which time? To learn English.
3. Let me tell you the best exercise to reduce belly fat.
To reduce infinitive
belly fat object of the verb \”reduce\”
So, \”to reduce belly fat\” is the infinitive phrase that’s working as an adjective and modifying the noun \”exercise\”.
Which exercise? To reduce belly fat.

Now let’s take some examples of Infinitive phrases working as an adverb in a sentence.
1. I am working hard to make people happy.
To make infinitive
People object of the verb \”make\”
Happy object complement
So, \”to make people happy\” easy infinitive phrases that working as an adverb. It’s modifying the verb \”working\” and telling us why I am working hard: to make people happy.
2. They are coming tomorrow to celebrate my birthday.
To celebrate infinitive
My birthday object of the verb \”celebrate\”
So, \”to celebrate my birthday\” is the infinitive phrase that’s working as an adverb and modifying the verb \”celebrate\”. It’s telling us why the action is happening.
Why are they coming tomorrow? To celebrate my birthday.
3. She worked very hard to pass the exam.
To pass Infinitive
The exam object of the verb \”pass\”
So, \”to pass the exam\” is the infinitive phrase that’s working as an adverb in the sentence. It is modifying the verb \”worked\” and and telling us why she worked hard: to pass the exam.

Infinitive phrases with bare infinitives
Sometimes, an infinitive phrase starts with a bare infinitive. Now, let us understand what is a bare infinitive.
It is called a bare infinitive or zero infinitive when \”TO\” is not used before the verb.
When do we have bare infinitives in a sentence?
We have bare infinitives after certain verbs: like, see, hear, feel, make, let
You also followed by modal auxiliary verbs: can, could, may, might

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Infinitive phrases in English || Grammar Different usages of an infinitive phrase || Bare infinitive

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ติว TOEIC : สรุปเทคนิคแกรมม่า Participle คืออะไร?

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