verb+ing: คุณกำลังดูกระทู้
This is part 1 of a series of posts on “-ing” and “to,” a.k.a. gerund and infinitive. Click here for part 2.
So you know how to talk about the past in English. (He met a giraffe yesterday.) You know the difference between talking about general actions (I take my giraffe for a walk every day) and actions happening right now (I’m feeding the giraffe right now — I’ll call you back). You can talk about plans in the future (I’m going to visit a giraffe house tomorrow) and predictions in the future (There won’t be many giraffes in the pub at 10 o’clock).
So you can use most of the tenses.
But only the “main” verb (usually the first verb) in a sentence changes because of the tense. What if there are two verbs in the sentence?
If a verb isn’t the first verb in a sentence, then it’s probably* an “-ing” verb (I love eating chocolate), a “to verb” (I forgot to send that letter) or verb 3 (I haven’t ridden a camel).
*Nothing is 100% in English!
I want to share a simple trick with you that will help you decide whether to use “-ing” or “to verb.” This trick is universal, but today let’s look at how it works after verbs (V).
Table of Contents
What’s the trick that can solve the verb + “-ing” or “to” problem?
OK? It’s actually that simple:
- Verb + “to verb” is pushing to the future. This means that it’s abstract (not “real”) and that means it can feel “philosophical.” It’s usually a goal (not a process).
- Verb + “-ing” is more “real,” based on experience and is usually a process (not a goal).
Words are just like people, so let’s imagine what they look like:
The “to man” is always thinking about goals. He plans and considers the future. He’s a thinker, not so much a doer.
But we like him. Before we do something, it’s good to have a plan, right?
The “-ing lady” is all about doing things. She also thinks, like the “to man,” but when she thinks, she’s thinking about the experience, not the result.
OK. Let’s see these guys in action!
“-ing” and “to” after verbs
When you learned about “-ing” and “to” for the first time, it was probably in a situation something like this:
He wants to make a massive cake.
He enjoys making massive cakes.
We use “to verb” after “want” and “-ing” after “enjoy.” Some verbs take “to” (want to do), some verbs take “-ing” (enjoy doing).
I often get the question, “How do we know which verbs take ‘-ing’ and which verbs take ‘to’?” and for many years, I told my students “you just have to learn it.”
I was wrong (it happens!). There is actually a system. We just need to ask ourselves, “Is this a ‘to man’ verb or an ‘ing lady’ verb?”
This works with most verbs.
Pushing to the future:
He hoped to buy a box for his massive cake.
I’m planning to visit Mongolia next spring.
Do you need to meet him soon?
Feeling the experience:
Imagine travelling the world in a hot air balloon! Awesome!
I miss being a kid. I had so much fun.
Have you ever dreamt of flying?
Tricky bit #1:
As I’m sure you know, some verbs (e.g. like, love, hate and prefer) can be followed by either “-ing” or “to.”
What’s the difference?
When we say “Alper likes watching people skiing,” we’re focusing on Alper’s enjoyment when he watches people skiing. It’s about the experience. It’s more human.
When we say “Alper likes to watch people skiing,” we’re focusing on describing Alper’s habits and routines. It’s not a feeling. It’s more scientific.
Have a look at these examples. Why is the first example “-ing” and the second “to”?
I like walking along the beach in summer.
I like to go to the dentist twice a year.
Tricky bit #2:
Some other verbs can take either “-ing” or “to,” but the meaning changes.
Let’s look at these verbs one by one.
Stop + “-ing” or “to”
Look at this picture:
Here’s what happened before this picture:
Judy was skiing. Then Judy saw Alper. Judy stopped because she wanted to talk to Alper. (They’re old friends.) So, Judy stopped one thing (the experience). Why? Because she wanted to do another thing (pushing to the future):
Judy stopped skiing. Why? She stopped to talk to Alper.
We stop doing an action to do something else.
Remember + “-ing” or “to”
Let’s look at “to man” and “-ing lady” again. Who do you think is more nostalgic? Who do you think is more organized?
“-ing lady” is more nostalgic because she spends more time thinking about experiences. “To man” is more organised — he thinks about plans!
Here’s a picture of “-ing lady” being nostalgic and “to man” being organised:
When we remember doing something, we’re looking back at the past.
When we remember to do something, we’re planning for the future. It means “not to forget.”
Try + “-ing” or “to”
The verb “try” is all about finding a solution to your problem. When you have a problem, you have one ultimate goal: “How can I solve this problem?”
Here’s Amanda with her problem. (We don’t know what the problem is — it’s personal!)
She’s looking into the future to the point in time when her problem is solved.
To get there what does she need to do?
That’s right! The problem is in the future, so “to man” will help her here — she’s going to try to solve her problem.
But there are lots of things she can do to solve the problem. Some of them will work. Some won’t. But she needs to try, right?
As you can see, these are the actions she needs to do to solve the problem. To solve her problem, Amanda must try asking her mother, or try paying the giraffe.
So:
- If you try to do something, you focus on the whole problem. It’s the ultimate goal.
- If you try doing something, you try one method to solve the whole problem.
Tricky bit #3:
So far (until now) we’ve looked at how “to man” and “-ing lady” work when we want to use two verbs in the same sentence.
Here’s Anna:
In this example who’s doing the “wanting” and who’s doing the “eating”? That’s right! It’s Anna! It’s all Anna!
But what if she’s doing the “wanting” and she wants someone else, maybe Elvis Presley (who really liked eating), to do the “eating”?
We need to add Elvis to the sentence, right? How do we do that? Well, let’s start with the sentence from before:
Anna wants to eat all the cakes.
There’s only one person in this sentence (Anna), because Anna is doing the wanting and Anna is doing the eating. But when she wants Elvis to do the eating, we put him in front of that verb:
This works the same with “-ing” or with “to.” Just put the new person (Elvis) in front:
I want to relax! And I want Elvis to relax.
A strange thing
Finally, here’s a strange thing.
When we use the verb “need” followed by the passive:
It needs to be cooked.
…we can replace the passive infinitive part “to be cooked” with a gerund:
It needs cooking.
Here are some more examples:
This house is filthy and needs cleaning.
Yeah, you can use my bike, but the tyre needs pumping.
This is a little strange because we’re using an active verb for a passive action. But that’s English! As I’m sure you know by now, English is not 100% regular.
So, as you can see, although there are different ways to use “-ing” and “to,” they usually follow the general rule:
- “to” is pushing to the future!
- “-ing” is about the experience!
We’re going to meet these lovely people again in part 2.
If you have any questions about the “to man” and the “-ing lady,” please leave a comment and I’ll try to help you out!
[NEW] Những động từ đi kèm với V-ing, To Verb hoặc cả V-ing và To Verb | verb+ing – NATAVIGUIDES
Trong bài thi TOEIC Reading, có một phần không thể thiếu đó chính là bài điền từ hoặc cụm từ để hoàn thành câu. Tuy nhiên, trong nhiều trường hợp, các bạn hay gặp khó khăn không biết lựa chọn dạng động từ V-ing hay to-V, và để mất điểm rất đáng tiếc. Vậy nên hôm nay, bạn hãy cùng Jaxtina tìm hiểu về các động từ theo sau bởi V-ing, To Verb hoặc cả V-ing và To Verb nhé!
1. Động từ theo sau bởi “V-ing”.
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
acknowledge
hiểu biết
resent
bực bội
admit
thừa nhận
resist
kháng cự
allow
cho phép
advise
khuyên
avoid
tránh
appreciate
đánh giá
complete
hoàn thành
can’t help
không thể chịu được
delay
trì hoãn
consider
cân nhắc
detest
ghét
deny
từ chối
escape
chạy trốn
enjoy
thích
involve
liên quan
excuse
tha lỗi
mind
lưu ý
finish
hoàn thành
miss
nhớ
forbid
cấm
postpone
trì hoãn
imagine
tưởng tượng
practice
luyện tập
resume
tóm tắt
quit
dừng
risk
gây nguy hiểm
recall
gợi lại
suggest
gợi ý
report
báo cáo
tolerate
khoan dung
Ví dụ:
He
admits stealing
the bike.
✓
He
admits to steal
the bike.
2. Động từ theo sau bởi “To Verb”.
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
agree
đồng ý
decide
quyết định
appear
xuất hiện
deserve
xứng đáng
arrange
sắp xếp
expect
hy vọng
ask
hỏi
fail
trượt
be able
có khả năng
get
có
beg
cầu xin
hesitate
chần chừ
choose
lựa chọn
hope
hy vọng
hurry
khẩn trương
plan
lên kế hoạch
intend
có ý định
prepare
chuẩn bị
neglect
từ chối
promise
hứa
offer
mời
propose
đề xuất
persuade
thuyết phục
refuse
từ chối
request
yêu cầu
want
muốn
start
bắt đầu
wish
ước
Ví dụ:
He
decides to buy
the cake.
✓
He
decides buying
the cake.
3. Động từ đi với cả “V-ing” và “to Verb”.
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
Động từ
Nghĩa tiếng Việt
attempt*
cố gắng
need*
cần
begin
bắt đầu
prefer
thích hơn
continue
tiếp tục
regret*
hối hận
forget*
quên
remember*
nhớ
keep
giữ
start
bắt đầu
like
thích
stop*
dừng
love
yêu
try*
cố gắng
: Những từ chứa dấu * sẽ thay đổi nghĩa khi sử dụng V-ing hay To Verb theo sau.
Ví dụ:
Remember to turn off the light, Lisa!
Lisa remembers turning off the light.
Nếu bạn muốn tìm hiểu chi tiết hơn về các động từ theo sau bởi cả “V-ing” và “to Verb”, hãy ghé qua bài viết: Các động từ theo sau có to to V của Jaxtina nhé!
Practice 1. Choose the correct answers.
1. I can’t help _______ when he sings the song “Baby Shark”.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. to laughing
2. He agreed ______ this house.
A. buying B. to buy C. to buying
3. The plants need ______.
A. watering B. to water C. to watering
4. Anna denied ______ the meeting.
A. joining B. to join C. to joining
5. I hope ______ a good result in the final exam.
A. getting B. to get C. to getting
Xem đáp án
- A. laughing
“I
can’t help laughing
when he sings the song “Baby Shark”.”
Nghĩa là
- B. to buy
“He
agreed to buy
this house.”
Nghĩa là
- A. watering
“The plants
need watering
.”
Nghĩa là
- A. joining
“Anna
denied joining
the meeting.”
Nghĩa là
- B. to get
“I
hope to get
a good result in the final exam.”
Nghĩa là
Practice 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.
-
Before leaving the office, I told Anna: “Anna, don’t forget
______ lights and fans.
-
He enjoys
_______ Korean films.
-
You should avoid
_______ mistakes again.
-
Lia prefers
_____ out with friends to
______ at home.
-
They choose
_______ house instead of going to play outside.
Xem đáp án
- to turn off
“Before leaving the office, I told Anna: “Anna,
don’t forget to turn off
lights and fans.”
Nghĩa là
- watching
“He
enjoys watching
Korean films.”
Nghĩa là
- making
“You should
avoid making
mistakes again.”
Nghĩa là
- going – staying
“Lia
prefers going
out with friends to
staying
at home.”
Nghĩa là
- to clean
“They
choose to clean
house instead of going to play outside.”
Nghĩa là
Bạn vừa cùng Jaxtina học các động từ theo sau bởi V-ing, To Verb hoặc cả V-ing và to Verb Hi vọng bài viết sẽ giúp ích cho bạn trong quá trình học tiếng Anh. Nếu bạn muốn tìm hiểu thêm nhiều chủ đề khác liên quan đến tiếng Anh thì đừng ngần lại liên hệ qua hotline của Jaxtina hoặc đến ngay cơ sở gần nhất để được các chuyên gia của chúng mình tư vấn ngay và luôn nhé!
Jaxtina chúc bạn học tốt và thành công!
Dành cho bạn:
Hãy đánh giá!
[NGỮ PHÁP TOEIC] DANH ĐỘNG TỪ V-ing
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Present Continuous Verb Chant – What Are You Doing? – Pattern Practice #1
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What are you doing?
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Like + Verb-ING, Like + Infinitive, Enjoy + Verb-ING
In this English grammar lesson we look at what verb goes after LIKE.
First we learn about infinitives (to + verb) and when two verbs are together, the second verb is in the infinitive.
We then look at how we can use an infinitive after like as well as a verb ending in ING.
Like + infinitive … OR … Like + VerbING
We learn the main difference between these two ways of using a verb after like.
We look at similar \”liking\” verbs such as love, hate, don’t like, enjoy that can also use a verbing after them.
Next we see how after the verb ENJOY we can ONLY use a verb ending in ING.
Then we learn how to make negatives sentences with LIKE + Verbing as well as questions.
All of these sections include example sentences and questions.
At the end there are two questions that viewers should answer.
See our complete lesson about LIKE + VerbING here:
https://www.woodwardenglish.com/lesson/likeverbinglikeinfinitiveenjoyverbing/
Infinitives EnglishGrammar VerbING
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ขอบคุณมากสำหรับการดูหัวข้อโพสต์ verb+ing