ตัวอย่าง ประโยค definition: คุณกำลังดูกระทู้
Complex
Sentences
��ͻ���¤����Сͺ���»���¤��ѡ
(main clause) �Ѻػ���¤ (subordinate
clause) ����������ö���������Ӿѧ
���ͧ����»���¤��ѡ����
ػ���¤�
complex sentences ����ö��ṡ�͡�� 3 ���������
1) adjective clauses
(relative clause)
2) noun
clauses
3) adverb
clauses
1. Adjective
Clauses (Relative Clauses)���ػ���¤����˹�ҷ�������Ӥس�Ѿ��
��͢��¤ӹ�� ���Ҩ����Фӹ����������������������������ǡѺ�ӹ�����
adjective clauses ������Ѻ����¤��ѡ���� relative pronoun (�� who,
whom, whose, + whom, which, of which, +
which, that) ��� relative adverb (�� where,
when, why) ��觷�˹�ҷ���иҹ ���� ������ǹ����� adjective
clause ����
adjective
clauses �Ҩ���͡�� 3 ���������
1.1 �繻���¤�س�Ѿ�������Фӹ�����١����
�ҡ����ջ���¤�س�Ѿ�����й�����
��з����ӹ��㹻���¤��ѡ�դ��������ա���ҧ˹�� ��
Students
who get grade A in all subjects will be sent for special training in the
U.S.
[ػ���¤ who get grade A in all subjects �� restrictive
relative clause ���������ҹѡ���¹������ͺ���ô A �ء�Ԫ� (����Ǥ�� �����ѡ���¹�ء��) �ж١�������Ѻ���ͺ������ɷ���������Ѱ����ԡ�
����ҡ����ջ���¤�س�Ѿ�����й����¤ӹ�� students ��еդ������������ ���¶֧�ѡ���¹�ء��]
People
who do such silly things are fools.
[ػ���¤ who do such silly things �� restrictive
relative clause ���������Ҥ��������������� ��� �
Ẻ��� (����Ǥ��
����褹�ء��) �繤��� �һѭ��
����ҡ����ջ���¤�س�Ѿ�����й����¤ӹ�� people ��еդ������������
���¶֧���ء��]
Tell me the
reason why you didn�t
do your homework.
[ػ���¤ why you didn�t
do your homework �� restrictive relative clause ������� �˵ؼ���ҷ����س�֧���ӡ�ú�ҹ (����Ǥ��
������˵ؼ�����ͧ㴡���) ����ҡ����ջ���¤�س�Ѿ�����й����¤ӹ�� reason ���Ҩ�դ������������ ���¶֧�˵ؼ�����ͧ㴡��� �����˵ؼ���� � ]
1.2 �繻���¤�س�Ѿ�����������������������ǡѺ�ӹ�������� ���������
�����������������¢ͧ����¤��ѡ�Դ�
��
Soonthorn
Phu, who wrote �Phra
Aphaimanee,�
was one of the most famous poets in Thailand.
[ػ���¤ who wrote �Phra
Aphaimanee� �� non-restrictive relative clause ���������������������
�ع���������繤����������ͧ���������� ��������բ�ͤ���������������� ������ö������ç�ѹ������¶֧�ع�����
����͡�ͧ��]
Her
parents, who left her with her grandmother, came back.
[ػ���¤ who left her with her grandmother �� non-restrictive
relative clause ��������������������� ������ͧ����觷�������Ѻ��� ��������բ�ͤ���������������� ������ö������ç�ѹ������¶֧
������ͧ�� (����褹���) ��Ѻ������]
�������㨤���ᵡ��ҧ�����ҧ
��� �ҡ��觢�� ��������º��º������ҧ����������Ф��
���仹��
The
l (whom) Suchart is going to marry is over twenty-five.
,
whom Suchart is going to marry, is over
twenty-five.
The
which runs through Bangkok is now polluted.
,
which runs through Bangkok, is now
polluted.
He
works at where radios are produced.
He
works at , where radios are produced.
They
visited me when I did not go to work.
They
visited me , when I did not go to work.
1.3 �繻���¤�س�Ѿ������������ which
��������᷹�Фӹ������Ң�ҧ˹��
����᷹����¤���͢�ͤ�������Ң�ҧ˹�ҷ����� which ����˹�ҷ���繻�иҹ
�����ç ���͡��������ѧ�ؾ��� adjective clauses �¨��� comma
��������ҧ��ͤ����á�Ѻ��ͤ�����ѧ ��
He is a kind,
gentle, and well-behaved person, which made his parents very proud of him.
She came very
late, with which I was very dissatisfied.
She
considered them all fools, to which they replied with angry cries.
2. Noun
Clauses���ػ���¤����˹�ҷ�������Ӥӹ��
����������͡Ѻ����¤��ѡ���¤���������仹����
2.1 ��˹�һ���¤�͡����
����Ҩ���¡ noun clause ��Դ������ �that�
clause ��觷�˹�ҷ�����������ҧ㹻���¤ �� �� subject,
object, complement ���
apposition �ѧ������ҧ���仹��
That he failed the final exam .
Subj.
Predicate
I know that she will arrive here tonight.
Subj. V.
Obj.
His excuse was that the traffic jam was so congested.
Subj. V.
Complement
She made the announcement that they were married.
Subj. V.
Obj.
Apposition
����¤�����
noun clause �� subject ����ö����¹�繻���¤����鹵鹴���
�It� �� �ѧ������ҧ���仹��
That he
passed the course .
Subj,
Predicate
It is a miracle that he passed the
course.
2.2 ���� what, whatever, who, whoever,
whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever, where, when, why ��� how ��觤����Фӡ��դ�����������Ըա����ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ�͡� �ѧ������ҧ���仹��
Tell me what
your name is.
John told me who
rang me yesterday.
I don�t like whomever he goes out with.
Could you
tell me whose car this is?
You can take whichever
you like.
She told me where
I should buy a diamond ring.
He wanted to
know when Ploy would come back from Ireland.
I don�t understand why Paul and Jenny
broke up.
How you won
the scholarship was a bit surprising to me.
2.3 ���˹�� noun
clause 㹤���������� ��������� �ѧ������ҧ���仹��
Whether Nancy
will come here (or not) is not important.
Do you know whether
/ if John is coming here again this year?
3. Adverb
Clauses��ػ���¤����˹�ҷ�������ӡ��������ɳ�
��͢��¤ӡ���� �Ӥس�Ѿ�� ��Фӡ��������ɳ�㹻���¤��ѡ
�����ʴ���������ѹ�������ҧ��ͤ���㹻���¤��ѡ�Ѻػ���¤��������ѡɳ�� �� �͡�������ҡ�� (manner)
ʶҹ��� (place) ���� (time) �˵ؼ� (reason) �ѵ�ػ��ʧ�� (purpose) �Ţͧ��á�з� (result) ��âѴ��駡ѹ (concession/contrast)
������º��º (comparison) ���� (condition)
�繵� �ѧ������ҧ���仹��
·
�͡�������ҡ��
(manner) ����
ػ���¤����� as, in a way that, in the way that, like, as if, as
though
She always
practices conversation with English speaking people as her teacher told her
to.
She
dances in a way that I like.
She speaks
English as if she were a native speaker.
He acts as
though he were my boss.
·
�͡ʶҹ���
(place) ���� ػ���¤����� where, wherever
Put this book
where it belongs.
Wherever you
go in Bangkok, you can find places to eat.
·
�͡����
(time) ����
ػ���¤����� as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, until,
when, whenever
While he was
studying, his sister was listening to
classical music.
When I was
young, I loved to go to the temple fair.
I will call
you as soon as I finish.
·
�͡�˵ؼ�
(reason) ����
ػ���¤����� because, since, as
Some of us
study English because it may help us get a good job.
Since Jane
was not a Thai citizen, she could not apply for
the scholarship.
As English is
one of the international languages, it is
worthwhile to spend time studying it.
·
�͡�ѵ�ػ��ʧ��
(purpose) ����
ػ���¤����� in order
that, so that
We took a sky
train (BTS) to Silom so that we could get there in time.
She takes a
writing class in order that she can write well.
·
�͡�Ţͧ��á�з�
(result) ��
ػ���¤����� so, so (adj./adv.) that
She has
failed the English test many times, so she plans to get a tutor.
Ann speaks so
clearly that every student understands very well.
·
�͡��âѴ��駡ѹ
(concession/contrast) ����
ػ���¤����� while,
whereas, although, though, even though
Kim wants to
go to Hua Hin her husband wants to go to Phuket.
he is only 10 years old,
he understands calculus very well.
·
�͡������º��º
(comparison) ����
ػ���¤�������ʴ�������º��º������������ҡѹ �ҡ���������¡���
Michael is taller
than David (is).
Pim sings more
beautifully than Prang (does).
Dao does not
speak Italian as fast as a native speaker (does).
·
�͡����
(condition) ����
ػ���¤����� if, unless (= if �
not)
If you
blue and yellow, you green. (�����䢷���繢���稨�ԧ����)
If Mr. Smith
me to his party himself, I . (�����䢻��Է�������)
Unless I
my work, I to the party. (�����䢻��Է�������)
If I
a bird, I all over the sky.
(�����䢷��������������������ҡ)
If he me yesterday, I
the party. (�����䢷��ç�����Ѻ����稨�ԧ�ʹյ)
Table of Contents
[NEW] สรุปการใช้ Relative Pronouns | ตัวอย่าง ประโยค definition – NATAVIGUIDES
สรุปการใช้ Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
คือ คําสรรพนามที่ใช้แทนนามที่อยู่ข้างหน้า และยังสามารถทำหน้าที่เชื่อมประโยคหน้าและหลังเข้าไว้ด้วยกันให้เป็นประโยคเดียว
วิธีการใช้ Relative Pronoun
เมื่อมีหน้าที่เป็นประธานในประโยค
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นคน ได้แก่ who, that
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นสิ่งของหรือความคิด ได้แก่ which, that
เมื่อมีหน้าที่เป็นกรรมในประโยค
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นคน ได้แก่ who, whom, that
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นสิ่งของหรือความคิด ได้แก่ which, that
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นสถานที่ ได้แก่ where
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นเวลา ได้แก่ when
ใช้แทนคำนามที่เป็นเหตุผล ได้แก่ why
หลักการใช้คือ ต้องวาง Relative Pronoun ตัวที่เราจะใช้ติดกับคำนามตัวที่จะไปขยายและเมื่อเอา Relative
Pronoun มาแล้วต้องเอาส่วนที่เหลือในประโยคขยายมาไว้ต่อกันด้วย
ตัวอย่างประโยคภาษาอังกฤษ
The boy stole the bike. The boy is at the door.
หากต้องการเชื่อม 2 ประโยคนี้เข้าด้วยกันเพื่อให้เป็นประโยคเดียว Relative pronoun ที่จะนำมาใช้เชื่อม 2 ประโยคนี้เข้าด้วยกัน คือ who เพราะ the boy เป็นคน จะได้ดังนี้
The boy who stole the bike. The boy is at the door.
และ who ในประโยค Relative Pronoun มีหน้าที่ 3 อย่างประกันในประโยคนี้
1.เป็นคำนามแทน the boy ที่อยู่ข้างหน้า
2.เป็นประธานของกริยา stole ในประโยค “stole the bike”
3.เป็นคำเชื่อมระหว่างประโยค The boy is at the door. กับประโยค the boy stole the bike.
อย่างไรก็ตาม ถ้าในคำนามตัวที่จะไปขยายมีคำว่า the only, the only one, the best, the greatest หรือคำที่แสดงการเปรียบเทียบขั้นสุดอยู่ ให้ใช้ that เสมอ
ตัวอย่างประโยคภาษาอังกฤษ
He is the only friend that I have now.
ประโยคขยายที่มี Relative Pronoun นำหน้านี้เรียกว่า Relative Clause หรือ เรียกว่า Adjective Clause ก็ได้
Relative Clause หรือ Adjective Clause แบ่งออกเป็น 2 ชนิด คือ
1.ประโยคขยายที่ชี้เฉพาะว่าคำนามที่ถูกขยายนั้นเป็นคนไหนหรือสิ่งไหน เป็นการพูดให้ข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวข้อง (relevant information) เพื่อให้คำนามตัวนั้นชัดเจนขึ้น เรียกว่า Defining Relative Clause ประโยคพวกนี้มักจะไม่ใช่ comma (,) คั่นขยายความนั้น และ Relative Pronoun ที่เป็นกรรมจะละได้
ตัวอย่างประโยคภาษาอังกฤษ
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
ประโยค who live in glass houses ไปขยายคำนาม People เพื่ออธิบายหรือเสริมความให้ชัดเจนว่าเป็นคนที่ไหน และ who ที่นำมาใช้เชื่อมประโยค ไม่สามารถละได้ เพราะทำหน้าที่เป็นประธานของ live ในส่วนของ Relative Clause
2.ประโยคขยายที่ไม่ได้ชี้เฉพาะคำนามข้างหน้า เพราะคำนามข้างหน้าชัดเจนอยู่แล้วว่าเป็นคนไหน สิ่งไหน เป็นเพียงการเสริมข้อมูล (extra information) ลงไปเท่านั้น จะเพิ่มก็ได้ ไม่เพิ่มก็ได้ เราจะเรียกประโยคประเภทนี้ว่า Non-defining Relative Clause นี้ ห้ามใช้ that หรือละ Relative Pronoun ที่เป็นกรรมโดยเด็ดขาด
ตัวอย่างประโยคภาษาอังกฤษ
Mount Etna, which is located in Italy, was once an active volcano.
ประโยค which is located in Italy ไปขยายคำนามเฉพาะคือ Mount Etna ซึ่งเป็นที่รู้กันอยู่แล้วว่าอยู่ในอิตาลี ดังนั้นประโยคนี้จะใส่หรือไม่ใส่ก็ได้ ไม่ทำให้ความหมายของประโยคผิดไป ดังนั้นประโยค which is located in Italy จึงถือเป็น Non-defining Relative Clause
เปรียบเทียบให้เห็นชัดๆถึงความแตกต่างระหว่างประโยค 2 ชนิดนี้
Jack fell in love with someone who lives in Thailand.
(who lives in Thailand – defining relative clause ขยาย someone จำเป็นต้องใส่ลงไปเพื่อให้ชัดเจน ดังนั้นไม่ต้องใส่ comma)
Jack fell in love with Somjai, who lives in Thailand.
(who lives in Thailand – non-defining relative clause ขยาย Somjai ซึ่งไม่จำเป็นต้องใส่ลงไปก็ได้ ดังนั้นจึงต้องมี comma)
ประโยค who lives in Thailand ในประโยคแรก เป็นแบบ Defining Relative Clause เพราะไปขยาย someone ให้ชัดเจนว่าเป็นใคร อาศัยอยู่ที่ไหน
ส่วนประโยค who lives in Thailand ในประโยคที่สอง เป็นแบบ Non-Defining Relative Clause เพราะ Somjai สื่อชัดเจนอยู่แล้วว่าเป็นใคร
TÍNH TỪ, ĐỘNG TỪ và TRẠNG TỪ – Adjectives, Verbs \u0026 Adverbs Definition
Một người có thể giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự tin và trôi chảy mà không cần đầu tư thời gian để rèn luyện ngữ pháp tiếng Anh hay không?
Rất nhiều người vẫn nói là có thể, tuy nhiên khi đó con đường sẽ trở nên vô cùng khó khăn bởi bạn vẫn chưa thể nắm chắc được cái loại từ trong tiếng Anh.
Có thể phần lớn chúng ta đều hiểu ít nhiều về các loại từ cơ bản như tính từ trong tiếng Anh, động từ trong tiếng Anh hay là trạng từ trong tiếng Anh, nhưng không phải ai cũng nắm được bản chất của chúng.
Trong video ngày hôm nay thuộc chuỗi series 3 phút học tiếng Anh mỗi ngày, tôi sẽ tiếp tục cùng bạn khám về các loại từ trong tiếng Anh: Tính từ Động từ Trạng từ.
Nếu bạn đã bỏ lỡ video về Danh Từ và Đại Từ lần trước, hãy tìm hiểu thêm ở đường link sau nhé: https://youtu.be/1kn5dWROktM
Sẵn sàng chưa nào? Đã đến lúc bắt đầu rồi.
Trong nội dung đầu tiên của video, tôi sẽ cùng bạn tìm hiểu về tính từ trong tiếng Anh.
Chúng ta đều hiểu rằng tính từ chủ yếu được sử dụn để mô tả đặc điểm của những danh từ khác.
Nhưng nếu được hỏi chức năng của tính từ là gì, bạn sẽ trả lời như thế nào? Những đặc điểm mà tính từ mô tả bao gồm những gì?
Đừng bỏ lỡ ở phần đầu tiên của video.
Tiếp theo, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu về đặc điểm của động từ trong tiếng Anh.
Là một phần không thể thiếu trong tiếng Anh, động từ xuất hiện trong mọi câu tiếng Anh chúng ta sử dụng mỗi ngày,
Rốt cuộc động từ là như thế nào, chức năng của động từ là gì, các loại hành động được chia ra như thế nào?
Hãy tìm hiểm ở phần này nhé.
Từ loại thứ ba trong video ngày hôm nay sẽ là trạng từ trong tiếng Anh.
Có thể bạn chưa biết, nhưng đây là một trong những loại từ bị sử dụng sai nhiều nhất bởi những người mới học tiếng Anh.
Rốt cuộc chức năng của trạng từ là gì mà có thể gây ra những khó khăn như vậy?
Đón xem nội dung tiếp theo theo video và bạn sẽ nắm được câu trả lời.
Từ loại trong video thật đơn giản phải không?
Nhưng chưa hết đâu, ở phần cuối cùng của video, chúng ta sẽ tìm hiểu những trường hợp đặc biệt của tính từ và trạng từ.
Bạn có muốn biết bản chất của những sai lần mà người học tiếng Anh hay mắc phải khi sử dụng tính từ và trạng từ?
Hãy tiếp tục theo dõi đến cuối video để nắm được những kiến thức này.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Bạn không tự tin về khả năng nói tiếng Anh của mình? Trình độ tiếng phát âm tiếng Anh của bạn không khá lên được vì bạn ngại giao tiếp?
Ở đây, chúng tôi xin được giới thiệu cho bạn một lộ trình luyện nói tiếng Anh, giúp bạn luyện nói tiếng Anh ngay ở mọi trình độ và tốn ít công sức nhưng vẫn thu được kết quả ấn tượng trong thời gian ngắn.
Hãy click vào các đường link bên dưới để khám phá các bí quyết của chúng tôi nhé:
Nói tiếng Anh hay và chuẩn chỉ sau 30 ngày: https://bit.ly/2A3VJ7D
101 câu giao tiếp tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất: https://bit.ly/2R1DLwf
Lộ trình phát âm thành thạo của người bản ngữ: https://bit.ly/2A4kEb3
Nếu bạn không muốn bỏ những video học tiếng Anh thú vị, hữu ích và cực chất đến từ X3English, hãy dành ra vài giây để nhấn vào nút subscribe trên kênh Youtube của chúng tôi nhé!
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmKloMdW0i5Cdv7GwwH7iDw?sub_confirmation=1
นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูเพิ่มเติม
💢 พูดเป็นประโยคได้ แม้พื้นฐานน้อย I II แอดLine: @englishfitandfirm
💡
คอร์สOnline เพิ่มชั่วโมงใช้ภาษาสุดคุ้ม
ปูพื้นฐานเทนส์ + ฝึกสร้างประโยคแบบ Speaking
สอบถามคลิก m.me/englishfitandfirm
II แอดLine: @englishfitandfirm
Thanks for following
IG: https://www.instagram.com/chutamas_sommy/
FB: https://web.facebook.com/EnglishFitandFirm/
ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษ ประโยคสั้นๆ ใช้บ่อยในชีวิตประจำวัน EP.3 |ตอนสั่งซูชิ
ฝึกพูดประโยคภาษาอังกฤษพื้นฐาน ประโยคสนทนาสั้นๆ ใช้บ่อยในชีวิตประจำวัน EP.3| ตอน สั่งซูชิกันเถอะ
👨👩👧👧 สนใจสนับสนุนช่อง Kru.First สมัครสมาชิกได้ที่
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCfeWBGEwkmetTlRxvemMg
มาเป็นสมาชิกครอบครัว English with Kru.First กันนะคะ
ในคลิ๊ปนี้
นักเรียนจะได้ยินเสียงประโยคสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษสั้นๆที่ใช้บ่อยในชีวิตประจำ 3 ครั้ง
นักเรียนลองฝึกฟังดูนะคะ ว่าพอจะฟังออกไหม ตรงกับที่เราเข้าใจไหม
สนใจเรียนคอร์สสนทนาภาษาอังกฤษกับ Kru.First
ดูรายละเอียดเพิ่มเติมได้ที่
https://www.krufirst.com
หรือสอบถามเพิ่มเติมได้ที่
Line ID: @englishkrufirst
ภาษาอังกฤษ สอนภาษาอังกฤษ เรียนภาษาอังกฤษ
Learn English Words: EXUBERANT – Meaning, Vocabulary with Pictures and Examples
✔️ LEARN 20 WORDS https://youtu.be/TSGdNMzlrcg
What does Exuberant mean? Learn the meaning of Exuberant as we define this advanced vocabulary word with a simple definition, pictures, example sentences, English pronunciation and audio.
Exuberant definition (adjective) filled with energy and enthusiasm
Exuberant pronunciation: igzooberuh nt
Examples of Exuberant in a sentence:
1. Even though Johnny was not a very good basketball player, he had such an exuberant attitude that he came across as one of the stars of the team.
2. The exuberant puppy would not stop running around the house.
3. Since Marie was not exuberant about playing the piano, she often skipped her lessons.
4. The teenage girl was exuberant when her mother surprised her with concert tickets for her favorite singer.
5. The exuberant photographer was willing to climb the mountain to get the perfect photo.
Exuberant synonyms and other related words for Exuberant
enthusiastic, profuse, cheerful, lush, ebullient, luxuriant, lavish, happy, excited, lively, animated, joyful, abundant, effervescent, vivacious, ardent, riotous, affluent, prodigal, spirited, splendid, extravagant, prolific, superabundant, vigorous, copious, gay, hearty, highspirited, passionate
Dictionary Definition \u0026 Sentences Page
https://wordsinasentence.com/exuberantinasentence/
FOLLOW ME ON TWITTER + VISIT OUR VOCABULARY RESOURCE LEARNING WEBSITES (Bookmark ’em!) 👇
► http://VocabularyVideos.com a memorable name that’ll redirect you to our word of the day vocabulary videos.
► https://WordsinaSentence.com our sentence dictionary Website, where we define words with sentences
► https://Twitter.com/vocabularyhelp Twitter account for my vocabularic tweets ✔️ LEARN 20 WORDS https://youtu.be/TSGdNMzlrcg
TOEFL Reading: How to Answer Summary Questions
Download a free and complete practice test at www.tstprep.com
Here are a few helpful timestamps.
00:00 Strategy problem or vocabulary problem?
2:24 Summary question overview
6:30 Strategy 1: Read the sentence and eliminate choices that are not connected to it
17:30 Strategy 2: General statements are more likely to be correct than details
22:19 Strategy 3: Check the topic sentence of each paragraph
31:14 Summary question practice
49:08 How to improve your vocabulary
In this free webinar, you will learn advanced tips, tricks, and strategies for finding the correct answer to summary questions for the TOEFL Reading. By the end of this short presentation, you will know exactly what you have to do for summary questions in the TOEFL Reading section. Hosted by TST Prep Head Instructor Josh MacPherson, this handson workshop will include multiple sample questions and an interactive classroom experience that will have you ready to make inferences on test day.
นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูบทความเพิ่มเติมในหมวดหมู่MAKE MONEY ONLINE
ขอบคุณมากสำหรับการดูหัวข้อโพสต์ ตัวอย่าง ประโยค definition