[Update] Past Simple Tense – Thì quá khứ đơn: Cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập | past simple tense – NATAVIGUIDES

Past Simple Tense – Thì quá khứ đơn: Cấu trúc, cách dùng và bài tập

A. Thì quá khứ đơn là gì?

Thì quá khứ đơn (Past Simple Tense) diễn tả hành động bắt đầu và kết thúc trong quá khứ và không còn liên quan tới hiện tại.

Thì quá khứ đơn có thể sử dụng với trạng từ thời gian xảy ra trong quá khứ (ví dụ: I walked to the market last Saturday) hoặc tại một thời điểm xác đinh (ví dụ: I studied today).

B. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ đơn

1. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ đơn với động từ “TO BE” (was/were)

Lưu ý:

I/She/He/It + was

We/You/They + were

Was not = Wasn’t

Were not = Weren’t

Thể khẳng định: S + was/were + …

Ví dụ: They were friends.
Họ từng làm bạn.

Thể phủ định: S + was not/were not + …

Ví dụ: They weren’t friends.
Họ không phải là bạn bè.

Thể nghi vấn: Was/Were + S + …?

Ví dụ: Were they friends?
Họ có phải bạn bè không?

2. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ đơn với động từ thường

Lưu ý: Động từ thường tiếng Anh ở quá khứ dưới viết dưới dạng V-ed. Tuy nhiên, có vài trăm động từ bất quy tắc với các dạng khác nhau.

Thể khẳng định: S + V-ed + …

Ví dụ: She worked yesterday.
Cô ấy làm việc ngày hôm qua.

Thể phủ định: S + did not/didn’t + verb (in base form) + …

Ví dụ:
She didn’t work yesterday.
Cô ấy không làm việc ngày hôm qua.

Thể nghi vấn: Did + S + verb (in base form)?

Ví dụ: Did she work yesterday?
Cô ấy có làm việc ngày hôm qua không?

3. Cấu trúc quá khứ đơn với động từ bất quy tắc.

Thể khẳng định: S + irregular verb + …

Ví dụ: They went to Spain for their holidays.
Họ đến Tây Bạn Nha vào kì nghỉ của họ.

Thể phủ định: S + did not/didn’t + verb (in base form) + …

Ví dụ: They didn’t go to Spain for their holidays.
Họ không đến Tây Ban Nha vào kì nghỉ của họ.

Thể nghi vấn: Did + S + (verb in base form)?

Ví dụ: Did they go to Spain for their holidays?
Họ có đến Tây Ban Nha vào kì nghỉ của họ không?

>>> Tra cứu bảng động từ bất quy tắc thông dụng trong tiếng Anh

4. Cách thêm -ed sau động từ

– Thông thường ta thêm “ed” vào sau động từ.

Ví du: watch – watched, turn – turned, want – wanted

+ Động từ tận cùng là “e” -> ta chỉ cần cộng thêm “d”.

Ví dụ: type – typed/ smile – smiled/ agree – agreed

+ Động từ có MỘT âm tiết, tận cùng là MỘT phụ âm, trước phụ âm là MỘT nguyên âm -> ta nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm “-ed”.

Ví dụ:stop – stopped/ shop – shopped/ tap – tapped

NGOẠI LỆ: commit – committed/ travel – travelled/ prefer – preferred

+ Động từ tận cùng là “y”:

– Nếu trước “y” là MỘT nguyên âm (a,e,i,o,u) ta cộng thêm “ed”.

Ví dụ:play – played/ stay – stayed

– Nếu trước “y” là phụ âm (còn lại ) ta đổi “y” thành “i + ed”.

Ví dụ: study – studied/ cry – cried

Một số động từ bất qui tắc không thêm “ed”.
Có một số động từ khi sử dụng ở thì quá khứ không theo qui tắc thêm “ed”. Những động từ này ta cần học thuộc.

Ví dụ: go – went/ get – got / see – saw/ buy – bought.

C. Cách dùng thì quá khứ đơn

1. Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: I saw a ghost last Friday.
Tôi nhìn thấy con ma vào thứ Sáu tuần trước.

2. Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Tôi đã làm xong việc, đi dạo trên biển và tìm thấy địa điểm đẹp để bơi.

3. Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.
Khi tôi còn nhỏ, tôi xem TV mỗi ngày sau giờ học ở trường

Đối với một số động từ không diễn tả hành động nhưng thể hiện suy nghĩ, sở hữu. Ví dụ: have (own), be, think (believe), know, dislike, need, owe, understand, wish
Ví dụ: He had a small cottage in the woods.

D. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn

Yesterday (ngày hôm qua)

Ago (Cách đây)

Last night (Tối qua)

Last month (Tháng trước)

Last week (Tuần trước)

Last year (Năm ngoái)

In 2003

In 2007

When (Khi)
…

E. Bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. My sister (get) married last month.

2. Daisy (come) to her grandparents’ house 3 days ago.

3. My computer (be ) broken yesterday.

4. He (buy) me a big teddy bear on my birthday last week.

5. My friend (give) me a bar of chocolate when I (be) at school yesterday.

6. My children (not do) their homework last night.
7. You (live) here five years ago?

8. They (watch) TV late at night yesterday.

9. Your friend (be) at your house last weekend?

10. They (not be) excited about the film last night.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng (A, B, C hoặc D) để điền vào chỗ trống.

1. They __________ the bus yesterday.

A. don’t catch B. weren’t catch C. didn’t catch D. not catch

2. My sister __________ home late last night.

A. comes B. come C. came D. was come

3. My father __________ tired when I __________ home.

A. was – got B. is – get C. was – getted D. were – got

4. What __________ you __________ two days ago?

A. do – do B. did – did C. do – did D. did – do

5. Where __________ your family __________ on the summer holiday last year?

A. do – go B. does – go C. did – go D. did – went

Bài tập 3: Hoàn thành các câu. Đặt động từ vào đúng dạng.

1. lt was warm, so I ………. off my coat. (take)

2. The film wasn’t very good. I .……….. it much. (enjoy)

3. I knew Sarah was busy, so I …………………… ………………….. her. (disturb)

4. We were very tired, so we . …………………. …………… the party early. (leave)

5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ………………………………………….. well. (sleep)

6. The window was open and a bird ……………… ……….. ….. . into the room. (fly)

7. The hotel wasn’t very expensive. lt .. ….. …. . …………. much to stay there. (cost)

8. I was in a hurry, so I….. …. … .. ……… time to phone you. (have)

9 lt was hard carrying the bags. They ………………………….. .. ……………. very heavy. (be)

Đáp án bài tập thì quá khứ đơn

Bài tập 1:

1.got

2.came

3.was

4.bought

5.gave – was.

6. didn’t do

7.Did you live

8.watched

9.Was your friend at

10.weren’t

Bài tập 2:

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. D
5.C

>>> Xem thêm: 12 Thì Động Từ Quan Trọng trong Tiếng Anh

1. Present Simple Tense – Thì hiện tại đơn

2. Present Continuous Tense – Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

3. Prensent Perfect Tense – Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense – Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

5. Past Simple Tense – Thì quá khứ đơn

6. Past Continuous Tense – Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

7. Past Perfect Tense – Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense – Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

9. Future Simple Tense – Thì tương lai đơn

10. Future Continuous Tense – Thì tương lai tiếp diễn

11. Future Perfect Tense – Thì tương lai hoàn thành

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense – Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Spelling Tip

Regular verbs in the past simple

• Add ed to most verbs. Ex. talk > talked , employ > employed
• If a short verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last letter and then add ed. Ex. stop > stopped, top > topped
  However, do not double the last letter if the verb ends in w, x or y. Ex. play > played, mix > mixed.

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• In longer words, if the last syllable of the verb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant and that syllable is stressed, double the last consonant and then add ed. Ex. prefer > preferred
  However, do not double the last letter if the first syllable is stressed. Ex. enter > entered
• If the verb ends in e, just add d. Ex. create > created , live > lived
• If the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add ed. Ex. try > tried

The past simple tense is quite straightforward. The main problem is its spelling rules, which you’ll find below.

We use the past simple to describe an action that started in the past and ended in the past. It could be something that happened twenty years ago or something that happened two minutes ago. It started. It stopped. It’s over.

1. I visited a client in London yesterday.
2. She planned the event all by herself.

The most common time expressions used for the past simple are: yesterday, a week (month, year) ago, last (month, year, weekend, Monday) night, the day before yesterday, two days (months, years) ago. The time expression appears either at the beginning or at the end of the sentence – never in the middle of the sentence.

Forming the Past Simple

Subject
Verb + d, ed, ied
or irregular form (V2)
Rest of Sentence

I / He / She / It You / We / They
walked
to the shop yesterday

slept
late last Saturday

The past simple is usually formed by adding d, ed, or ied to the base form of the verb, however, in English there are many irregular verbs that take on a completely different form in the past tense. Some people call this the V2 form of the verb. The best thing to do is to try and memorize them.

Negative Sentences in the Past Simple Tense

Spelling Tip

When shortening the 3rd person (he, she, it) negative, just remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)
did not > didn’t

To create a negative sentence in the past simple, use didn’t (did not) + the base form of the verb.

Note: Save the long forms (did not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject
didn’t + verb in the base form
Rest of Sentence

I / He / She / It You / We / They
didn’t walk
to the shop yesterday

didn’t sleep
late last Saturday

1. I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
2. He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
3. You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
4. Ron did not sign the document.

Yes/No Questions in the Past Simple

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Did, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb
Subject
verb in base form
rest of sentence

Did
I / you / we / they
walk
to the shop yesterday

he / she / it
sleep
late last Saturday

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh-Questions in the Past Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add did (or didn’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-word
auxiliary verb
subject
verb in base form
rest of sentence

What
did
I / you / we / they
he / she / it
sell
the house

Why
didn’t
rescue
me

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag Questions in the Past Simple

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed either by using a positive sentence in the past simple and then adding didn’t, a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
2. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Exercises with the Past Simple Tense

Fill in the correct form of the verb in the past simple as in the examples.

1. David

   saw

   his History professor at the supermarket two days ago. (see)

2. I

   didn’t know

   your e-mail address, so I

   phoned

   instead. (not know/phone)

3. Did

   you

   get

   the message I left the day before yesterday?

1. I _______ a great book last week. (read)
2. _______ Adam ______ the jacket that he _______ at the party? (find / leave)
3. Why _______ you__________ for me at the bar yesterday evening? (not wait)
4. I _________ for over an hour, but you never __________ up! (wait / show)
5. My friends _________ to New Delhi via Mumbai a week ago. (fly)
6. Teresa ___________ the last train, _______________? (catch)
7. The sunset _________ beautiful last night. (be)
8. _______ they _________ the client’s deadline yesterday? (meet)
9. When _____ he ___________ from med school? (graduate)
10. Ella ___________ to get a hold of you, but you ________ home. (try/not be)

Answers:

1. read
2. Did/find/left
3. didn’t/wait
4. waited/showed
5. flew
6. caught/ didn’t she
7. was
8. Did/meet
9. did/graduate
10. tried/weren’t

Examples – Past Simple

Positive

1. I visited a client in London yesterday.
2. She planned the event all by herself.

Negative

1. I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
2. He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
3. You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
4. Ron did not sign the document.

Yes/No Questions

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh-Questions

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag Questions

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?
3. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
4. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?