Participle phrases in English Grammar
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Hello learners!
In this, we will learn what is a participle phrase in English.
What is a participle phrase?
A participle phrase is a phrase a group of words without the subjectverb combination that starts with a participle and works as an adjective in a sentence.
What is a participle in English?
A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective in a sentence. It is either the present participle the verb form ending with ING or the past participle (V3) generally ending with ed, t, en, and n.
Present participles smoking, reading, dancing etc.
Past participle kicked, packed, learnt, broken, risen etc.
Examples
1. The man jumping in happiness won a car in a lottery.
• jumping in happiness participle phrase
• jumping present participle
\”Jumping in happiness\” is the participle phrase that’s starting with the present participle \”jumping\” and modifying the noun \”man\”. Which man are we talking about? We talked about the man jumping and happiness. So, this participle phrase is giving essential information about the noun \”man\” and helping us to identify it.
2. Did you check out the video made by my sister?
• made past participle
• made by my sister participle phrase
\”Made by my sister\” is the participle phrase here, starting with the past participle \”made\” and giving information about the noun \”video\”. This is working as an adjective in the sentence.
3. Devastated by the news, he broke down in tears.
• Devastated by the news participle phrase
• Devastated past participle
\”Devastated by the news\” is the participle phrase here, starting with the past participle \”devastated\” and modify the subject \”he\”. This is working as an adjective in the sentence.
So, a participle phrase can come in the beginning of a sentence, in the middle of a sentence, and also at the end of a sentence.
When it comes in the beginning of a sentence, there are two things that you need to keep in mind:
1. Separate the participle phrase with the rest of the sentence using a comma.
2. Always place the noun the participle phrase modifies close to it. If you don’t do it, it will be a mistake known as a misplaced modifier.
Let us take some examples and understand this!
• I saw some pens in his hands made of gold.
• Participle phrase made of gold
• Participle made
No what is the participle phrase made of gold modified? \”Is it modifying the noun \”hands\”? No, it is not. Hands can’t be made of golds, right?
Then what is it modifying? It is modifying the noun \”pens\”. But just because it is placed away from the noun it modifies, it looks like it is modifying a different noun. This is called a misplaced modifier. So, always place the modifying phrase just after or before the noun it modifies, else it can be confusing.
Let us take one more example!
• Did you see a girl near your house fighting with your mother?
• fighting with your mother participle phrase
• fighting participle
So, \”fighting with your mother\” is the participle phrase starting with the present participle \”fighting\”.
But what is it modifying? Can a house be fighting with somebody? That’s very stupid to think, right? A house cannot fight with anybody.
So what is it modifying? What is the modifying noun?
It is modifying the noun \”girl\”. It is giving information about
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Participial Adjective
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TYPES OF PARTICIPLES | How to use Participles
The 2 Types of Participles | How to use Participles
A participle is a verb that can be used as an adjective. Two kinds of participles are present participles and past particles. Present participles end in ing.
EXAMPLE:
The smiling graduate threw his cap in the air.
[Smiling, formed from the verb smile, modifies the noun graduate.]
Most past participles end in d or –ed. Some are formed irregularly.
e.g. break/broke/broken
EXAMPLE:
For dinner, we had grilled steak and mashed potatoes.
[Grilled, formed from the verb grill, modifies the noun steak;
mashed, formed from the verb mash, modifies the noun potatoes.]
In this video, you will learn MORE about the the two types of participles. You will also learn how to use participles in sentences. So, without further ado, Let’s Get Grammarous!🙌
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Advanced English Grammar: Participles
Using participles correctly will dramatically improve the quality of your English writing. If you’re learning English for university, IELTS, TOEFL, or for your career, this advanced writing lesson is for you! You will learn to analyze sentences so that you can understand them fully and write your own. Often, English learners are unsure of whether an \”ing\” word is an adjective or an adverb. In this lesson, you’ll learn how the participle \”having\” includes the subject, verb, and conjunction. I’ll show you many example sentences, and you can practice what you’ve learned on our quiz at https://www.engvid.com/advancedenglishgrammarparticiples/
TRANSCRIPT
Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I’m Adam. In today’s video we’re going to look at participles. Now, this is a little bit more advanced grammar, but it’s very useful and it’s used in everyday speaking, but especially for writing and reading because you’re going to see participles everywhere. What participles do is they help you get sentence variety, they help you make your sentences shorter, if necessary, they give you a little bit of style. Okay? There are two participles that we need to look at, they are called the active or passive participle. Sometimes you’ll see them as present or past participle. Past participles, you’re familiar with. Sometimes they’re called the verb three, so: \”eat\”, past tense \”ate\”, past participle is \”eaten\”. Right? So that’s the participle. Now, especially with the \”ing\” you have to be careful because \”ing\” words, although they are verbs with \”ing\”, they can be pretty much anything. They could be a gerund, as you know, so they’re nouns; they could be part of the continuous verb, so \”be going\”, so: \”I am going\”, it’s a continuous action; but \”ing\” words can also be adjectives and adverbs. When they are adjectives and adverbs they are actually participles. So it’s very important to recognize them and know how to use them.
So what I want to do first is I want to look at the adjective participles. Now, what you have to remember about adjective participles, they are… They are reduced adjective clauses. You know an adjective clause, it’s meant to modify a noun. It identifies it or gives extra information about a noun. A participle, an adjective participle is that adjective clause minus the subject and the verb. Okay? But we’re going to look at that in a second.
So let’s look at this sentence first. Oh, sorry, let me… I made a little mistake here. \”Dressed in his classA uniform, the marine looked like a recruitment poster.\” So this is the passive or the past participle ending in \”ed\”, it’s a regular verb, so: \”dressed\”. \”Dressed in his classA uniform\”. Now, if I rearrange the sentence, really, it says: \”The marine, who was dressed in his classA uniform, looked like a recruitment poster.\” Okay? Like a poster that wants people to join the marines, etc. But I can take that adjective clause, I get rid of the \”who was\” or \”who is\”, depending on the tense. Get rid of that, and I’m left with a participle phrase. Now, I can take that participle phrase and move it to the beginning of the sentence, just like I have here. The key when you’re using participles at the beginning… A participle phrase at the beginning of a sentence, you must make sure that the subject, which is not there but it is understood: who was, who is the marine, so the marine who was dressed in his classA, and then the subject of the independent clause must be the same subject. Okay? We’re going to look at a couple more examples.
\”Standing near the window, Marie could see the entire village.\” Look at the other example: \”Standing near the window, the entire village was in view.\” Now, many people will look at both sentences and think: \”Yeah, okay, I understand them. They’re both correct.\” This sentence is incorrect. Why? Because the subject here is \”the village\”. Can the village stand near the window? No, it can’t. So: \”Standing near the window\” means Marie. \”Marie, who was standing near the window, could see the entire village.\” This subject cannot do this action, so you have to make sure that the implied or the understood subject in the participle is the exact same as the subject of the independent clause that follows it. Okay? That’s very, very important. So now what we’re going to do, I’m going to look at a few more examples and I want to show you that you can start the sentence with a participle phrase, but you can also leave it in the middle of the sentence. Okay? Let’s look at that.
Okay, let’s look at these examples now and you’ll see the different positions the participles can take. And again, we’re talking about participle phrases for the most part. \”The jazz musician, known for his tendency to daydream, got into a zone and played for an hour straight.\” Okay? So what we’re doing here, we’re giving you a little bit more information about the musician. We’re not identifying him. We’re giving you extra information, which is why we have the commas.
Past Participle Verbs
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