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[NEW] Present Perfect и Past Simple: разница между временами ‹ engblog.ru | present perfect past simple – NATAVIGUIDES

present perfect past simple: คุณกำลังดูกระทู้

Будучи не англоязычными людьми, мы с вами должны отдавать себе отчет в том, что русский и английский языки зачастую пользуются разной логикой. Носителям русского языка достаточно трех времен: настоящего, прошедшего и будущего. В английском языке временных форм гораздо больше. Давайте постараемся понять логику англоговорящих и разобраться с одной из самых интересных тем: разницей между Present Perfect и Past Simple.

Если вы хотите освежить знания об этих временах, рекомендуем прочитать статьи «Past Simple – простое прошедшее время в английском языке» и «Present Perfect Tense – настоящее совершенное время в английском языке».

Present Perfect и Past Simple: как выбрать правильное время

Самое главное, о чем следует помнить: Past Simple – это прошедшее время, оно сообщает о том, что уже закончилось. Present Perfect – настоящее время, оно повествует о том, что началось в прошлом и еще не закончилось или закончилось, но имеет связь с настоящим. В большинстве случаев в контексте предложения есть подсказки, которые помогают нам понять, какое время выбрать. В некоторых ситуациях мы можем сами выбирать время в зависимости от того, что хотим сказать.

Мы предлагаем ознакомиться с основными функциями двух времен в форме наглядной таблицы.

Мы используем Past Simple
Мы используем Present Perfect

Если в предложении указано конкретное время, когда произошло действие.

My friend went to India on Saturday. – Мой друг уехал в Индию в субботу.

Если время указано «размыто», неточно или не указано совсем. Действие началось в прошлом, неважно когда.

My friend has been to India many times recently. – Мой друг был в Индии много раз в последнее время.

Со словами yesterday (вчера), two hours ago (два часа назад), last month (в прошлом месяце) и т. д., так как они указывают на период времени, который уже закончился.

Yesterday we ate four muffins in a cosy small café round the corner. – Вчера мы съели четыре булочки в небольшом уютном кафе за углом.

Со словами today (сегодня), this week/month (на этой неделе / в этом месяце) т. д., так как они показывают период времени, который все еще продолжается.

Today we have eaten four muffins in a cosy small café round the corner. – Сегодня мы съели четыре булочки в небольшом уютном кафе за углом.

Если действие началось в прошлом и закончилось в прошлом.

He worked in this company for ten years. – Он работал в этой компании 10 лет. (сейчас он не работает в этой компании, действие закончилось в прошлом)

Если действие началось в прошлом, но все еще продолжается в настоящем.

He has worked in this company for ten years. – Он работает в этой компании 10 лет. (он начал работать в прошлом и продолжает работать сейчас, действие продолжается в настоящем).

Если действие произошло в прошлом и не может повториться снова.

Mr. Stevenson performed more than sixty surgeries when he was a surgeon. – Мистер Стивенсон провел более шестидесяти операций, когда был хирургом. (сейчас он не хирург и операции не проводит)

Если действие произошло в прошлом и может повториться еще раз.

Mr. Stevenson is a surgeon. He has performed more than sixty surgeries. – Мистер Стивенсон хирург. Он провел более шестидесяти операций. (он все еще работает хирургом и продолжает проводить операции)

Если что-то произошло в прошлом, но в настоящем ситуация уже изменилась.

I lost my sunglasses, but I found them the next day. – Я потерял солнцезащитные очки, но нашел их на следующий день (потерял, но ситуация изменилась: я их нашел, и сейчас у меня есть очки)

Если что-то произошло в прошлом, но в настоящем ситуация не изменилась, а осталась прежней.

I have lost my sunglasses. I can’t find them anywhere. – Я потерял солнцезащитные очки. Нигде не могу найти их. (потерял, и до сих пор ситуация не изменилась: я без очков)

После союзов when (когда), after (после того как), until (до тех пор, как), as soon as (как только), by the time (к тому моменту, как), если действие относится к прошлому.

As soon as Kim checked in at the hotel, she went shopping. – Как только Ким зарегистрировалась в отеле, она отправилась за покупками.

После союзов when (когда), after (после того как), until (до тех пор, как), as soon as (как только), by the time (к тому моменту, как), если действие относится к будущему.

As soon as Kim has checked in at the hotel, she will go shopping. – Как только Ким зарегистрируется в отеле, она отправится за покупками.

Мы ознакомились с основными моментами, которые помогают выбрать правильное время. Но в некоторых предложениях могут возникнуть спорные ситуации, когда и Past Simple, и Present Perfect кажутся уместными. Как поступить в таком случае? Давайте разберемся:

  • Выражения this morning (этим утром), this afternoon (сегодня днем), this evening (этим вечером), this night (сегодня ночью) могут обозначать как закончившийся, так и еще не закончившийся период времени. Если утро/день/вечер/ночь еще не закончились, используйте Present Perfect. Если же период, о котором вы говорите, уже закончился, берите Past Simple.

    I took a shower this morning. – Я принял душ сегодня утром. (так вы говорите, если утро уже закончилось и наступил день, вечер и т. д.)

    I have taken a shower this morning. – Я принял душ сегодня утром. (утро еще не закончилось)

  • Когда мы сообщаем о новых или недавних событиях, предпочтительнее использовать Present Perfect. Однако Past Simple тоже считается правильным временем. Дело в том, что в разных вариантах языка есть свои предпочтения. Так, например, британцам больше по душе Present Perfect, американцам – Past Simple.

    I have checked the engine. It’s working well now. = I checked the engine. It’s working well now. – Я проверил двигатель. Теперь он хорошо работает.

    Если вы говорите о давних событиях, используйте Past Simple.

    She moved to Japan long time ago. – Она давно переехала в Японию.

  • Свежие новости всегда передаются в Present Perfect. Однако если за новостью следуют детали события, то во всех остальных предложениях употребляется Past Simple.

    The train has crashed this afternoon (новость). The accident happened near Munich (деталь). Fortunately, no one was injured (деталь). – Поезд сошел с рельсов сегодня днем (новость). Несчастный случай произошел возле Мюнхена (деталь). К счастью, никто не пострадал (деталь).

    The kitchen equipment exhibition has opened in Paris (новость). It was opened by the Mayor of Paris (деталь). The best French chefs visited it (деталь). – В Париже открылась выставка кухонного оборудования (новость). Она была открыта мэром Парижа (деталь). Лучшие французские повара посетили ее (деталь).

  • С наречиями just (только что), already (уже), yet (уже, еще) британцы предпочитают употреблять Present Perfect, американцы – Past Simple. Тем не менее в двух вариантах языка оба времени считаются правильными.

    Lin hasn’t come yet. – Лин еще не пришла. (чаще встречается в британском английском, реже – в американском)

    Lin didn’t come yet. – Лин еще не пришла. (чаще встречается в американском английском, реже – в британском)

  • Если перед вами сложное предложение с союзом since, то часть предложения перед союзом должна быть во времени Present Perfect, а после него – во времени Past Simple. Past Simple указывает на конкретный момент в прошлом, а Present Perfect – на то, что действие до сих пор длится или как-то связано с настоящим.

    She has appeared in three musicals since she moved to New York. – Она сыграла в трех мюзиклах с тех пор, как переехала в Нью-Йорк.

    I’m hungry. It has been an hour since we ordered pizza. – Я голоден. Прошел час с тех пор, как мы заказали пиццу.

    Однако если момент в прошлом все еще продолжается, мы можем использовать Present Perfect в двух частях предложения.

    She has never seen her boss since she has worked here. – Она ни разу не видела начальника с тех пор, как работает здесь.

  • Будьте осторожны, когда используете Past Simple в отношении людей, так как это время указывает на истекший период времени. Если вы используете время Past Simple, это может значить, что человек не может повторить какое-то действие. Если вы не уточните причины этого, ваш собеседник может подумать, что человека уже нет в живых.

    He always loved singing. – Он всегда любил петь. (сейчас уже не любит, так как его нет в живых)

    He has always loved singing. – Он всегда любил петь. (любил в прошлом и продолжает любить до сих пор)

    He always loved singing, but now he prefers dancing to singing. – Он всегда любил петь, но сейчас предпочитает танцы пению.

  • Мы употребляем Present Perfect, когда говорим о действии, произошедшем в неопределенный промежуток времени. Но если вы знаете, что человека уже нет в живых, необходимо использовать Past Simple.

    She is a young promising writer. She has written an interesting novel. – Она молодой многообещающий писатель. Она написала интересный роман.

    Leo Tolstoy is a famous Russian writer. He wrote War and Peace. – Лев Толстой – известный русский писатель. Он написал «Войну и мир».

Напоследок предлагаем вам посмотреть видео с преподавателем Benjamin и пройти тест, который поможет вам убедиться в том, что вы теперь отлично разбираетесь во временах Present Perfect и Past Simple. Не забудьте скачать таблицу с основными функциями Present Perfect и Past Simple.

↓ Скачать таблицу основных функций Present Perfect и Past Simple (*.pdf, 197 Кб)

Тест

Present Perfect и Past Simple: разница между временами

Используйте глагол в правильном времени в предложении. Обратите внимание, что необходимо использовать полную форму глагола (have done, has not done).

Задание 1.

to have

I three lectures today.
I three lectures yesterday.

Задание 2.

to live

He in Ireland for 20 years. Then he decided to move to Australia.
He in Ireland for 20 years and he doesn’t want to move away.

Задание 3.

to bake

He a cake on Sunday.
He a lot of cakes recently.

Задание 4.

to have

I an appointment at the dentist’s last week.
I an appointment at the dentist’s this week.

Задание 5.

to eat

I in that restaurant several times and I am going there with my friends tomorrow.
I in that restaurant several times. Unfortunately, it was closed down.

Задание 6.

to visit

He was a famous traveller many years ago. He many countries.
He is a famous traveller. He many countries.

Задание 7.

to get

I’ll call you when I my exam results.
I called him when I my exam results.

Задание 8.

to buy

He a new car, but two months later he sold it to his friend.
He a new car. He drives to work every day.

Задание 9.

to leave

After Sam , he will be spending five months abroad.
After Sam , he spent five months abroad.

Задание 10.

not to see

I him this afternoon. But he said he would come before dinner.
I him this afternoon. But I saw him this evening.

Тест недоступен для мобильных устройств.

Тест недоступен для мобильных устройств.

Если вы нашли ошибку, пожалуйста, выделите фрагмент текста и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.

[NEW] Present Perfect and Past Simple: Difference | present perfect past simple – NATAVIGUIDES

Present Perfect and Past Simple: Difference

English learners often confuse the Past Simple and Present Perfect and do not know which of these two tenses to use. Let’s see what are the main differences between the Present Perfect and the Past Simple.

Difference # 1

We use the Present Perfect when we talk about something that is our personal experience. Something that we did, saw, learned, etc.

I have seen the film twice.

I have learned to act quickly.

Several examples of sentences of Present Simple, a small drawn airplane.When we use Past Simple

Difference # 2

We use the Past Simple when we want to emphasize that the action ended in the past and does not affect us in any way today.

Three years ago, I met the man who changed my life.

We used the Past Simple because we were talking about action from the past. We did not show the connection of this action with the moment of speaking.

I am a good chef, I have learned from the best chef in New York!

We use the Present Perfect to emphasize that the experience is relevant to us now.

The Present Perfect has a connection with the present. Therefore, we use the Present Perfect when we talk about events that have already happened, but the result of these events is associated with the present.

The Past Simple has no such connection with the present. We use the Past Simple when we talk about what happened in the past and ended in the past. Even if this “past” was just a minute ago.

The main thing is that when we use the Past Simple, we understand that the event that happened is a part of the past. We use the Present Perfect to emphasize that the event is part of the present.

I have done two tasks in the morning. (The morning isn’t over yet)

We use the Present Perfect because the morning is not over yet. The event is related to the present.

I did two tasks in the morning. (The morning is over, it’s evening now)

We use the Past Simple because the morning is already over. Therefore, the event that we are describing has nothing to do with the moment of speaking.

I went to London when I was a kid.

We use the Past Simple to tell about an event that happened in the past and has no connection with the present.

I have already been to London. So now I will go to Paris.

We use the Present Perfect to share our experiences. That we have been to London already. This experience has a connection with the present because we are reporting that we are going to Paris instead of London. Therefore, the information that we have already been to London is relevant to the present.

I have had dinner already. Let’s go for a walk?

We use the Present Perfect because, although the action ended in the past, it is associated with the present.

Two weeks ago, we had dinner on Mr. Johnson’s yacht.

We use the Past Simple because we are describing an action that happened in the past. The action ended in the past. Its result has nothing to do with the present.

An example of a sentence using Past Perfect. Picture of Big Ben and the Eiffel Tower.When we use Present Perfect

Difference # 3

We use the Present Perfect if the time when the action happened does not matter. The only thing that matters is the result of what happened. We use the Past Simple when it is important to indicate the time when the action occurred.

Two rules that describe the difference between using Present Simple and Past SimpleDifference of the use of Present Perfect and Past Simple

To better understand the difference look at the examples:

I was in this restaurant three years ago.

We use the Past Simple, we talk about what happened 3 years ago.

I have been to this restaurant before.

We use the Present Perfect because the result is more important than the time when it happened. We even used the word “before“. We can use words like this in the Present Perfect. “Before” does not describe the exact time when this happened.

A rule and suggestions that show the use cases of Past Simple, an image of a small, cozy restaurant.Past Simple. Example and rule.

Difference # 4

Has the action that started in the past ended? Or is it still going on? Will the action continue?

We use the Past Simple when we talk about actions that started in the past and ended in the past. We use the Present Perfect when we want to emphasize that an action began in the past, but it is not over yet.

I have studied history for three years now.

We used the Present Perfect because the action we are talking about is not over yet. Thus, this action has a connection with the moment of speaking.

I studied history for three years when I was a student.

We use the Past Simple because the action we are talking about started in the past and ended in the past.

I have lived in London since 1990.

We use the Present Perfect because the action has a connection with the present. The action is not over yet. Maybe the action will continue further.

I lived in London in 1990.

We use the Past Simple because the action ended in the past. The action does not continue now and will not continue after.

An example of the use of Past Simple, an image of old photographs, documents, an inkwell, and an ink pen lying on the table.Past Simple. Example.

Difference # 5

We use Present Perfect when we talk about something that happened in a period that is not over yet. We use the Past Simple when we talk about an action that happened in a period that has already ended.

I read two articles in the morning. (It’s already lunchtime)

In this example, we are using the Past Simple, because it is no longer morning but lunch. Therefore, the period we are talking about has already ended. Therefore, we are using the Past Simple.

I have read two articles in the morning. (The morning is still going on)

In this example, we are using Present Perfect because the morning is not over yet. Therefore, we report what happened in an unfinished period. Therefore, we are using Present Perfect.

Two sentences and two rules that show the difference between Past Simple and Past Perfect, a small newspaper image.Difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect.

Let’s take a look at some more examples:

I’ve worked hard this week. (This week is still going on)

We use the Present Perfect because this week is not over yet. This week is still going on.

I worked hard last week.

We are using the Past Simple because we are talking about last week. Last week is already over.

John has lived a long life and he still works!

We are using the Present Perfect because we are talking about an unfinished period. John is still alive and his life is still going on.

Abraham Lincoln had a very interesting life.

We use the Past Simple because Abraham Lincoln died long ago. The time when Lincoln lived is over.

An example of the use of Past Simple and the rule that explains this example, a drawing of Abraham Lincoln.An example of Past Simple.

Difference # 6

We DO NOT use the Present Perfect when we indicate the exact time in the past. Therefore, if someone asks us when something happened, we respond using the Past Simple.

When did you read this book?
I read this book two weeks ago.

In this example, we do not report the FACT or RESULT of what happened, we report the TIME when it happened.

The time is more important than the fact because we are asked about the TIME when the action took place.

rule and example of the usage of Past Simple in answers to a question.An example of the usage of Past Simple.

Difference # 7

Are we talking about events of the recent past?

We use the Present Perfect when we talk about events of the recent past. We often emphasize that an event happened recently using words such as: recently, lately, not so long ago … We use these words to show a connection with the present.

I have been very tired lately.

We use the Present Perfect to emphasize that this action happened recently. This is an unfinished period. Therefore, we use the Present Perfect.

I was very tired yesterday.

We use the Past Simple to emphasize the time. We focus on WHEN. Therefore, we use the Past Simple.

Difference # 8

We use the Present Perfect when we emphasize the fact that an action takes place the first time, the second time, the third time, etc.

I have come to this city for the first time!

We don’t focus on when the action happened. We just report that this was the first time.

In 1988 I came to this city for the first time.

In this case, we use the Past Simple. We describe when the action occurred. We focus on the time when it happened, and not on the fact that it happened the first time.

Using the Present Perfect, we emphasize how many times an action has occurred:

John has visited me twice already.

She has yelled at me for the third time today!

In these examples, we are describing an unfinished period.

Additional Tips to Understand the Difference between Present Perfect and Past Simple

The Verb To Have

The verb to have is not just an auxiliary verb. The verb to have is an important part of the Present Perfect, this verb shows the essence of this tense.

I have read a book.

In this example, the verb to have indicates that we have the book read. This is the connection between the action “read” and the moment of speaking “I have“.

The words Just, Already, Yet

When we use the Present Perfect we often use words like Just, Already, Yet. Because these words show that an action ended or didn’t end before the moment of speaking.

We use the Past Simple when we say exactly when an action happened. Because the exact time shows that the action happened and ended at some point in the past.

Present Perfect:

I have already watched this movie.

I have just watched this movie.

I have not watched this movie yet.

Past Simple:

I watched this movie in 1998.

I watched this movie three days ago.

An example of Past Simple in a sentence, a rule that explains an example of Past Simple, a picture of a movie camera.Examples of Past Simple with the exact time.

Remember, the best way to learn the difference between Present Perfect and Past Simple is not learning the rules, but an everyday practice.

You can also read the full article on Present Perfect and Past Simple.


PAST SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT? | Let’s learn and compare! – English Tenses


past simple | present perfect | English tenses Let’s learn and compare the differences.
Hi Everyone,
In today’s video, I teach you how to use the past simple and the present perfect. I know these two tenses can be confusing, so I break the grammar down into 6 easy steps.
Practice this grammar and leave me a couple of examples 🙂
You might also like:
PRESENT PERFECT or PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: https://youtu.be/ncQ_PSr_TEo
PRESENT SIMPLE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
https://youtu.be/W3HdjN3cLiM
STILL ALREADY JUST YET:
https://youtu.be/NKvQg4rcHrE
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PAST SIMPLE or PRESENT PERFECT? | Let's learn and compare! - English Tenses

Present Perfect or Simple Past


Present perfect ve simple past arasındaki farklar ve kullanım yerleri.

Present Perfect or Simple Past

Past Simple VS Present Perfect


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Past Simple VS Present Perfect

Past Perfect Tense


Learn how to use correctly the past perfect tense in this video. You’re going to see several situations where we need to use this tense. Words like already, when, after, before, never can indicate that Past Perfect could be used.

Past Perfect Tense

present perfect or past simple exercise – English grammar tutorial video lesson


present perfect or past simple exercise.

present perfect or past simple exercise - English grammar tutorial video lesson

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