The structures for both active and passive voice of all tenses, affirmatives, interrogatives and negatives are provided for you. In addition, click Active and Passive Voice Complete Rules, you might find this useful too.

Active and Passive Voice of All Tenses

Simple present tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + Verb 1 (s/es) + object + ROTS

• She teaches English at learn ESL.

• Passive: S + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• English is taught by her at learn ESL.

Interrogatives

• Active: Do/Does + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Does she teach English at learn ESL?

• Passive: Be + S + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Is English taught by her at learn ESL?

Negatives

• Active: S + do/does + not + V1 + object + ROTS

• She does not/doesn`t teach English at learn ESL.

• Passive: S + be + not + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• English is not/isn`t taught by her at learn ESL.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Don`t/Doesn`t + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Doesn`t she teach English at learn ESL?

• Passive: Be not + S + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Isn`t English taught by her at learn ESL?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + do/does + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Where does she teach English every day?

• Passive: WH + be + S + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where is English taught by her every day?

Also Read:

Present continuous/progressive

Affirmatives

• Active: S + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• They are paving the road right now.

• Passive: S + be + being + V3 + prep + ROTS

• The road is being paved by them right now.

Interrogatives

• Active: Be + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Are they paving the road right now?

• Passive: Be + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Is the road being paved by them right now?

Negatives

• Active: S + be + not + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• They are not paving the road right now?

• Passive: S + be + not + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The road is not/isn’t being paved by them right now.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Be not + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Aren`t they paving the road right now?

• Passive: Be not + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Isn`t the road being paved by them right now?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + be + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• When are they paving the road?

• Passive: WH + be + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• When is the road being paved by them?

Also Read:

Present perfect tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + have/has + V3 + object + ROTS

• He has written a poem.

• Passive: S + have/has + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A poem has been written by him.

Interrogatives

• Active: Have/Has + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Has he written a poem?

• Passive: Have/Has + S + been + V3 + prep + object

• Has a poem been written by him?

Negatives

• Active: S + have/has + not + V3 + object + ROTS

• He has not/ hasn`t written a poem.

• Passive: S + have/has + not + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A poem has not/hasn`t been written by him.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Have/Has not + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Hasn`t he written a poem?

• Passive: Have/Has not + S + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Hasn`t a poem been written by him?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + have/has + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Why have they killed him?

• Passive: WH + have/has + S + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Why has he been killed by them?

Note: keep in mind that it is not common in written English to change the active sentences from present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, and future perfect progressive tenses into passive sentences in written English, but they could be rarely changed in spoken English. In order to help you, know their use in spoken English, we have provided the structures for all the above mentioned tenses.

Also Read:

Present perfect continuous/progressive tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + have/has + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Rahimi has been teaching the advanced classes for more than six years.

• Passive: S + have/has + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The advanced classes have been being taught by Rahimi for more than six years.

Interrogatives

• Active: Have/Has + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Has Rahimi been teaching the advanced classes for more than six years?

• Passive: Have/Has + S + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Have the advanced classes been being taught by Rahimi for more than six years?

Negatives

• Active: S + have/has + not + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Rahimi has not/hasn’t been teaching the basic classes for more than six years.

• Passive: S + have/has + not + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The basic classes haven’t been being taught by Rahimi for more than six years.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Have/Has not + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Hasn`t Rahimi been teaching the basic classes for more than six years?

• Passive: Have/Has not + S + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Haven`t the basic classes been being taught by Rahimi for more than six years?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + have/has + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Where has she been teaching English recently?

• Passive: WH + have/has + S + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where has English been being taught by her recently?

Also Read:

Simple past/past indefinite tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + V2 + object + ROTS

• Ali sang a beautiful song last year.

• Passive: S + was/were + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A beautiful song was sung by Ali  last year.

Interrogatives

• Active: Did + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Did you buy a grammar book last week?

• Passive: Was/Were + S + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Was a grammar book bought by you last week?

Negatives

• Active: S + did + not + V1 + object + ROTS

• They did not/didn’t invite us to the party.

• Passive: S + was/were + not + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• We were not invited by them to the party.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Did not + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Didn`t they invite you to the party?

• Passive: Was/Were not + S + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Weren`t you invited by them to the party?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + did + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• When did you watch that movie?

• Passive: WH + was/were + subject + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• When was that movie watched by you?

Also Read:

Past continuous/progressive tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + be2 + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• He was painting the wall yesterday.

• Passive: S + be2 + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The wall was being painted by him yesterday.

Interrogatives

• Active: Be2 + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Were they painting the wall yesterday?

• Passive: Be + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Was the wall being painted by them yesterday?

Negatives

• Active: S + be2 + not + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• We were not painting the wall yesterday.

• Passive: S + be2 + not + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The wall was not/wasn`t being painted by us yesterday. 

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Be not + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Weren`t they painting the wall yesterday?

• Passive: Be not + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Wasn`t the wall being painted by them yesterday?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + be2 + S + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• When were they painting the wall?

• Passive: WH + be2 + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• When was the wall being painted by them?

Also Read:

Past perfect tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + had + V3 + object + ROTS

• They had played cricket before the rain stated.

• Passive: S + had + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Cricket had been played by them before the rain started.

Interrogatives

• Active: Had + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Had they played cricket before the rain started?

• Passive: Had + S + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Had cricket been played by them before the rain started?

Negatives

• Active: S + had + not + V3 + object + ROTS

• They had not/hadn`t played cricket before the rain started.

• Passive: S + had + not + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Cricket had not/hadn`t been played by them before the rain started.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Had not + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Hadn`t they played cricket before the rain started?

• Passive: Had not + S + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Hadn`t cricket been played by them before the rain started?

WH/Information Questions

• Active: WH + had + S + V3 + object + ROTS

• Where had they played cricket before the rain started?

• Passive: WH + had + S + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where had cricket been played by them before the rain started? 

Also Read:

Past perfect continuous/progressive tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + had + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Jalali had been teaching English for ten years before he established a new system called A lingua.

• Passive: S + had + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• English had been being taught by Jalali for ten years before he established a new system called

  A lingua.

Interrogatives

• Active: Had + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Had she been watching the movie for two hours when her husband got home?

• Passive: Had + S + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Had the movie been being watched by her for two hours when her husband got home?

Negatives

• Active:

  S + had + not + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• She had not/hadn`t been watching the movie for two hours when her husband got home.

• Passive: S + had + not + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The movie had not/hadn`t been being watched by her for two hours when her husband got home. 

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Had not + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Hadn`t she been watching the movie for two hours when her husband got home?

• Passive: Had not + been + S + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Hadn`t been the movie being watched by her for two hours when her husband got home?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + had + S + been + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Where had he been chopping the wood when the rain started?

• Passive: WH + S + had + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where the wood had been being chopped by him when the rain started. 

Also Read:

Simple future tense

Affirmatives With “will”

• Active: S + will + V1 + object + ROTS

• He will build a new house next year.

• Passive: S + will + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A new house will be built by him next year.

With “be going to”

• Active: S + be + going to + V1 + object + ROTS

• He is going to build a new house next year.

• Passive: S + be + going to + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A new house is going to be built by him next year.

Negatives With “will”

• Active: S + will + not + V1 + object + ROTS

• He will not/won`t build a new house before 2017.

• Passive: S + will + not + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A new house will not/won`t be built by him next year.

With “be going to”

• Active: S + be + not + going to + V1 + object + ROTS

• He is not going to build a new house before 2017.

• Passive: S + be + not + going to + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• A new house is not going to be built by him before 2017.

Interrogatives With “Will”

• Active: Will + S + V1 + Object + ROTS

• Will he build a new house next year?

• Passive: Will + S + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Will a new house be built by him next year?

With “be going to”

• Active: Be + S + going to + V1 + prep + object + ROTS

• Is he going to build a new house next year?

• Passive: Be + S + going to + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Is a new house going to be built by him next year?

Negative interrogatives

With “will”

• Active: Will not + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Won`t he build a new house next year?

• Passive: Will not + S + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Won`t a new house be built by him next year?

With “be going to”

• Active: Be not + S + going to + V1 + object + ROTS

• Isn`t he going to build a new house next year?

• Passive: Be not + S + going to + be + V3 + prep + object ROTS

• Isn`t a new house going to be built by him next year?

WH/Information questions With “will”

• Active: WH + will + S + V1 + object + ROTS

• Where will he build a new house next year?

• Passive: WH + will + S + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where will a new house be built by him next year?

With “be going to”

• Active: WH + be + S + going to + be + V3 + prep + object +

• Where is he going to build a new house next year?

• Passive: WH + be + S + going to + be + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where is a new house going to be built by him next year?

Also Read:

Future continuous/progressive tense

Affirmatives With “will”

• Active: S + will be + V1 ing +object + ROTS

• I will be reciting the Holy Quran after praying tomorrow morning.

• Passive: S + will be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The Holy Quran will be being recited by me after praying tomorrow morning.

With “going to”

• Active: S + be + going to + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• We are going to be watching a movie tonight.

• Passive: S + be + going to + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

  A movie is going to be being watched by us tonight.

Negatives With “will”

• Active: S + will not + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• We will not/won`t be learning the transition words in level 3.

• Passive: S + will not + be + being + V3 + prep + object + RTOS

• The transition words will not/won`t be being learnt by us in level 3.

With “be going to”

• Active: S + be + not + going to + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• We are not going to be learning the transition words in level 3.

• Passive: S + be + not + going to + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• The transition words are not going to be being learnt by us in level 3.

Negatives With “will”

• Active: Will + S + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Will they be inviting us to the party tonight?

• Passive: Will + S + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Will we be being invited by them to the party tonight?

With “going to”

• Active: Be + S + going to + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Are they going to be inviting us to the party tonight?

• Passive: Be + S + going to + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Are we going to be being invited by them to the party tonight?

Negative interrogatives 

With “will”

• Active: Will not + S + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Won`t they be inviting us to the party tonight?

• Passive: Will not + S + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Won`t we be being invited by them to the party tonight?

With “be going to”

• Active: Be not + S + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• Aren`t they going to/goanna be inviting us to the party tonight?

• Passive: Be not + S + going to + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Aren`t we going to/goanna be being invited by them to the party tonight?

WH/Information questions With “will”

• Active: WH + will + S + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• When will they be inviting us to the party?

• Passive: WH + will + S + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• When will we be being invited by them to the party?

With “be going to”

• Active: WH + be + S + going to + be + V1 ing + object + ROTS

• When are they going to be inviting us to the party?

• Passive: WH + be + S + going to + be + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• When are we going to/goanna be being invited by them to the party

Also Read:

Future perfect tense

Note: The use of “be going to) is not common in future perfect and future perfect progressive tense passive sentences.

Affirmatives

• Active: S + will have + V3 + object + ROTS

• I will have done my homework by the time my favorite movie starts on TV.

• Passive: S + will have + been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• My homework will have been done by me by the time my favorite movie starts on TV.

Interrogatives

• Active: Will + S + have + V3 + object + ROTS

• Will I have done my homework by the time my favorite movie starts on TV?

• Passive: Will + S + have been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Will my homework have been done by me by the time my favorite movie starts on TV?

Negatives

• Active: S + will not have + V3 + object + ROTS

• I will not/won`t have done my homework by the time my favorite movie starts on TV.

• Passive: S + will not + have been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• My homework will not/won`t have been done by me by the time my favorite movie starts on TV?

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Will not + S + have + V3 + object + ROTS

• Won`t you have done your homework by the time your favorite movie starts on TV?

• Passive: Will not + S + have been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Won`t your homework have been done by you by the time your favorite movie starts on TV?

WH/Information questions

• Active: WH + will + S + have + V3 + object + ROTS

• Where will you have built a new house by the time your business improves?

• Passive: WH + will + S + have been + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Where will a new house have been built by you by the time your business improves?

Also Read:

Future perfect continuous/progressive tense

Affirmatives

• Active: S + will have + been + V1ing + object + ROTS

• We will have been teaching English for two years at learn ESL.

• Passive: S + will have been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• English will have been being taught by us for two years at learn ESL.

Interrogatives

• Active: Will + S + have been + V1ing + object + ROTS

• Will we have been teaching English for two years at learn ESL?

• Passive: Will + S + have been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Will English have been being taught by us for two years at learn ESL?

Negatives

• Active: S + will not have + been + V1ing + object + ROTS

• We will not/won`t have been teaching English for more than two years at learn ESL.

• Passive: S + will not have + been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• English will not/won`t have been being taught by us for more than two years at learn ESL.

Negative interrogatives

• Active: Will not + S + have been + V1ing + object + ROTS

• Won`t we have been teaching English for two years at learn ESL?

• Passive: Will not + S + have been + being + V3 + prep + object + ROTS

• Won`t English have been being taught by us for two years at learn ESL?

Was the lesson helpful? Please feel free to leave your feedback about the lesson in the comment box below. 

Also Read:

Attempt Active and Passive Voice Exercise

Conclusion:

Would you like to know more about active and passive voice? Check out the related book below:

…

Passive Voice for all Tenses – Rules

There are two basic rules for converting sentences from active voice into passive voices, which apply to all tenses.

1. The places of the subject and the object in a sentence are interchanged for converting active voice into passive voice.

2. Only 3rd form of the verb (e.g., written) is used as the main verb in passive voice.

The rules for using ‘auxiliary verb’ (or helping verb) in passive voice are different for each tense, as explained below. At the end of this page, you can also see an easy way to remember these rules.

Present Indefinite Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: is / am /are

Active Voice

Passive Voice

He writes a letter

A letter

is

written by him.

He does not write a letter.

A letter

is not

written by him.

Does he write a letter?

Is

a letter written by him?

They buy books.

Books

are

bought by them.

He helps me.

I

am

helped by him.

We make chairs.

Chairs

are

made by us.

 

Present Continuous Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: is being / am being / are being

Active Voice

Passive Voice

She

is

eating a mango.

A mango

is being

eaten by her.

She

is not

eating a mango.

A mango

is not being

eaten by her.

Is

she eating a mango?

Is

a mango

being

eaten by her.

They

are

washing shirts.

Shirts

are being

washed by them.

You

are

disturbing me.

I

am being

disturbed by you.

We

are

decorating the room.

The room

is being

decorated by us.

 

Present Perfect Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: has been / have been

Active Voice

Passive Voice

He

has

finished the work.

The work

has been

finished by him.

He

has not

finished the work.

The work

has not been

finished by him.

Has

he finished the work?

Has

the work

been

finished by him?

She

has

bought chairs.

Chairs

have been

bought by her.

They

have

started a business.

A business

has been

started by them.

I

have

helped the kids.

The kids

have been

helped by me.

You

have

broken the cup.

The cup

has been

broken by you.

 

Past Indefinite Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: was / were

Active Voice

Passive Voice

He bought a car.

A car

was

bought by him.

He did not buy a car.

A car

was not

bought by him.

Did he buy a car?

Was

a car bought by him?

I wrote a letter.

A letter

was

written by me.

She decorated the walls.

The walls

were

decorated by her.

They saw a joker.

A joker

was

seen by them.

She kissed the babies.

The babies

were

kissed by her.

He asked some questions..

Some questions

were

asked by him.

 

Past Continuous Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: was being / were being

Active Voice

Passive Voice

She

was

washing a shirt.

A shirt

was being

washed by her.

She

was not

washing a shirt.

A shirt

was not being

washed by her.

Was

she washing a shirt?

Was

a shirt

being

washed by her.

He

was

eating the meal.

The meal

was being

eaten by him.

They

were

enjoying the party.

The party

was being

enjoyed by them.

She

was

teaching the kids.

The kids

were being

taught by her.

He

was

appreciating the students.

The students

were being

appreciated by him.

 

Past Perfect Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: had been

Active Voice

Passive Voice

They

had

won the competition.

The competition

had been

won by them.

They

had not

won the competition.

The competition

had not been

won by them.

Had

they won the competition?

Had

the competition

been

won by them?

He

had

bought a car.

A car

had been

bought by him.

She

had

passed the exam.

The exam

had been

passed by her.

They

had

resolved the issue.

The issue

had been

resolved by them.

The thief

had

stolen the money.

The money

had been

stolen by the thief.

 

Future Indefinite Tense

A

uxiliary verbs used in passive voice: will be

Active Voice

Passive Voice

He

will

study this book.

This book

will be

studied by him.

He

will not

study this book.

This book

will not be

studied by him.

Will

he study this book?

Will

this book

be

studied by him?

They

will

start a business.

A business

will be

started by them.

She

will

write a story.

A story

will be

written by her.

We

will

play a game.

A game

will be

played by us.

She

will

wear a new dress

A new dress

will be

worn by her.

Future Pefect Tense

Auxiliary verbs used in passive voice: will have been

Active Voice

Passive Voice

He

will have

received the letter.

The letter

will have been

received by him.

He

will not have

received the letter.

The letter

will not have been

received by him.

Will

he

have

received the letter?

Will

the letter

have been

received by him?

She

will have

cleaned the room.

The room

will have been

cleaned by her.

He

will have

finished the task.

The task

will have been

finished by her.

They

will have

attended the meeting

The meeting

will have been

attended by them.

The easy way to remember the rules for change of auxiliaries is that each indefinite tense converts into continuous tense, each perfect tense converts into perfect continuous tense, and for each continuous tense the word ‘being’ is added with the auxiliary verb. As tense are generally learnt in a specific order, it can be said that six types of tenses directly convert into the next tense (within major tense e.g., present, past and future tense) and for two tenses (continuous tenses) the word ‘being’ is added to auxiliary. The remaining four tense are non-convertible to passive voice.

Present Indefinite tense

into

present continuous tense.

Present perfect tense

into

present perfect continuous tense.

Past Indefinite tense

into

past continuous tense.

Past perfect tense

into

past perfect continuous tense.

Future Indefinite tense

into

future continuous tense.

Future perfect tense

into

future perfect continuous tense.

For present continuous tense, the word ‘being’ is added with the auxiliaries ‘is’, ‘are’, and ‘am’, making them as ‘is being’ ‘are being’ and ‘am being’

For future continuous tense, the word ‘being’ is added with the auxiliaries ‘was’, and ‘were’, making them as ‘was being’ and ‘were being’.

Note. The sentence of the following tenses cannot be converted into passive voice.

1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4. Future Continuous Tense

5. Also, the sentences having Intransitive verbs.