[Update] FULL GUIDE: Present Perfect Passive [2020] | passive present perfect – NATAVIGUIDES

The Present Perfect is one of the most challenging verb tenses for English learners. It is used in certain situations and often with quite different meanings. But with some good reference at hand and regular practice, you can easily get into using it! Let’s review when we should use the Present Perfect in the Active voice and then see how it can be used in the Passive.

What does Present Perfect mean?

The Present Perfect tense denotes an action or state that occurred at an indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have met before) or began in the past and continue to the present time (e.g., I’ve worked here for five years). These actions have started in the past but continue up to the present moment.

image via https://parentingpatch.com/past-perfect-passive-english-verbs/

See? It’s always related to the past and irrespective of its name ‘Present Perfect’ expresses a past event.

But why is it called “Present Perfect”?

Present Perfect is called like that because it combines the present grammatical tense (she has) and the perfect grammatical aspect (done). The Present Perfect is used to denote a link between the present and the past. It expresses actions in the past that still have an effect on the present moment.

• My new bicycle has been delivered already, so now I can ride it all day long.
• Your dog looks sad, has it been fed today?
• Old chairs in the hall have been replaced with the new ones.

The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself.

• Why is she sad?
• She has read your letter.

• Why are you going outside?
• My boyfriend has arrived.

Use of time expressions

The Present Perfect uses time adjuncts referring to the present and does not allow the use of time adjuncts referring to the past.

• We have completed our project by now.
• We have finished our work last week. (incorrect)
• We finished our work last week. (Past Simple should be used instead)

How do you form Present Perfect?

The construction of the Present Perfect is simple. The first element is the auxiliary (helping) verb ‘have‘ or ‘has‘, depending on the subject the verb is connected with. The second element is the past participle of the verb.

In most cases (for regular verbs), to form the Past Participle we add ‘-ed’ to the base form of the verb:

• to listen → listened
• to like → liked
• to drop → dropped

See spelling rules for verbs when adding ‘-ed’ here.

Some common verbs in English have irregular Past Participle forms:– go – went – gone
– be – was/were – been
– feel – felt – felt, etc.

You should remember them or consult a dictionary or irregular verb list.

Read the examples with Present Perfect:

• We have worked here since 2008.
• We have seen this movie already.
• I have made you a cup of tea.
• He has cut his finger.

How do you use Present Perfect?

Present Perfect is typically used to describe:

• Unfinished past
• Past actions or events that have an effect in the present
• Experience
• Other actions when the emphasis is on the result, not the process

Present Perfect Tense for Unfinished Past

We may use the Present Perfect to talk about actions or events that started in the past but continue to the present or to describe something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:

• I’m a teacher.
• I started teaching five year ago.
• I’ve been a teacher for five years.

• I have a bike.
• My Dad gave it to me a long time ago.
• I’ve had it for ages.

Present Perfect Tense with ‘Just’/’Already’ and ‘Yet’

We use the Present Perfect to talk about actions or events in the past that still have an effect on the present moment. These actions have started in the past but continue up to the present moment.

We can use ‘just’ or ‘already‘ to talk about something that happened a short time ago:

• I have just came from school.
• They have just cooked dinner.

We often use ‘yet’ with negative and question forms of the Present Perfect. It means something like ‘until now’. It usually comes at the end of the sentence.

• Has he arrived yet?
• I haven’t seen Susan yet.

Present Perfect Tense for Experience

We use the Present Perfect to ask about life experiences. We often use the adverb ‘ever’ to talk about experience up to the present:

• I’ve been to India twice.
• She hasn’t eaten sushi.

This tense expresses actions of duration that occurred in the past (before now) but are of unspecified time:

• Tom has been to London.
• Have you ever met George?
• Yes, but I’ve never met his wife.

Other common usages of Present Perfect are:

1. To put emphasis on the result: – She has broken a cup.
2. To express an action that started in the past and continues up to the present: – I have worked for this company for 10 years.
3. To talk about life experiences: – I’ve never traveled alone.
4. To say about an action repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now: – I have visited them many times.
5. When the precise time of action is not important or unknown: – Someone has stolen my bike!

Remember: the focus of the Present Perfect is mainly the result we have in present.

We’ve revised the Present Perfect tense in the Active voice. Let’s see what’s the difference between Present Perfect Active and Present Perfect Passive.

Common signal words

Present Perfect is often used with the words like ‘just‘, ‘already‘, recently‘, lately‘, ‘still‘, ‘this week/month/year‘, today’, etc. to denote a recent activity or event.

In statements showing an event or situation which began in the past and continues now, we often use time expressions with since and for, e.g. for a week, since yesterday, for a long time, since 2010:

We use:

for +ages / ten years / six months / two weeks / fifteen minutesa period of time
since +2015 / March / last summer / yesterday / this morning / 10.00a point in time

• I love my new office, I’ve worked there for five months already.
• Today we celebrate our anniversary, we’ve been married since 2007.

Present Perfect Passive: meaning

The Present Perfect Passive is an English verb form that has the present tense, perfect aspect, and passive voice. In the Passive, a subject of the sentence is not the doer – it is acted upon. We focus attention on what or who receives an action (the object). 

Compare:

• Lise has recorded a song. – A song has been recorded by Lisa.
• Everybody has approved Joana’s suggestion. – Joana’s suggestion has been approved by everybody.

We use Present Perfect Passive with the same meaning as Present Perfect in the active voice except for the fact that Present Perfect Passive makes focus on the effect (or the object) rather than the doer (the subject) of an action. Read more about the uses of Present Perfect in our articles Present Perfect Tense for Unfinished Past, Present Perfect Tense with ‘Just’ and ‘Yet’ and Present Perfect Tense for Experience.

In the picture below, you can see the word order changes in the Passive voice – the subject and the object of the sentence change places.

image via http://passivevoicebydanilo.blogspot.com/2015/11/present-perfect-passive-exercises-pdf.html

Thus, the main difference between the Present Perfect Active and the Present Perfect Passive in terms of grammar and semantics is that the Present Perfect Passive allows for an object of an active sentence to move into the subject position of a passive sentence.

Present Perfect Passive: usage

We use the Present Perfect in the passive form for all the same reasons we use it in the active form — to talk about (1) experiences and achievements, (2) changes over time, (3) incomplete actions with expected ends, (4) continuous actions started in the past, (5) past actions with results in present, and (6) multiple actions at different times. For example:

• All the sandwiches have been eaten.
• Maths has been studied for many years.
• The light has been turned on already.
• All the patients have been treated by Dr Philips.

In general, we use Passive voice instead of Active voice when:

1. The subject is unknown. We don’t know who or what is the subject.

• An amazing surprise has been prepared for you.

2. We want to emphasize the subject.

• Only ‘she’ has been known to be always in time.

3. We are unclear or vague about the subject or the subject is irrelevant.

• The results of the degree examination have been announced.

4. To talk about general truths.

• These lands have been cultivated for as long as we know it.

5. In formal writing (such as scientific reports) when the emphasis is on process and results, rather than on who did the action.

• Water has been poured into the flask in order to acquire the desired mixture.

Present Perfect Passive: structure

The structure of the Present Perfect in the passive voice is very similar to the Present Perfect in the active voice. The only difference is adding ‘been‘ after the helping verb ‘have’/’has’.

Thus, in Present Perfect Passive, we always use ‘has/have been’ + the past participle form.

Here are some examples:

• This house has been sold to some foreigners.
• The children have been given their medicine.

Statements

To make statements with the Present Perfect Passive, use:

have/has been + the Past Participle form of the verb

SingularPluralI have been seen
You have been seen
He/she/it have been seenWe have been seen
You have been seen
They have been seen

Negative forms of Present Perfect Passive

To make a negative form of Present Perfect Passive, insert ‘not‘ between ‘have/has’ and ‘been’ (you can also use ‘hasn’t’ or ‘haven’t).

• This long test has n’t been translated yet.
• This old violin hasn’t been played for ages.

Questions in Present Perfect Passive

The structure for asking questions in Present Perfect Passive is:

have/has + [subject] + been + Past Participle

• Haven’t the documents been submitted yet?
• Has the patient’s temperature been taken?

Look this video from Smrt English explaining how to use passive voice with present perfect:

See also:

Present Perfect: Statements

Present Perfect Tense with ‘Just’ and ‘Yet’

Present Perfect for Unfinished Past

Present Perfect for Experience

Passive Voice: Overview

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The passive is a grammatical voice that allows a speaker to move an object of a sentence in the active voice into the subject position of the passive sentence. The present perfect passive is an English verb form that refers to verbs in the present tense, perfect aspect, indicative mood, and passive voice.

Formation of the Present Perfect Passive

The present perfect is a periphrastic verb form, which means a “phrase of two or more words that perform a single grammatical function that would otherwise be expressed by the inflection of a single word.” Verbs in the present perfect passive are formed by the present tense form of the verb plus the past participle followed by a past participle (regular or irregular). Note that as with all passive constructions, only transitive verbs (verbs that can take objects) and verbs with verb phrase complements may be conjugated in the passive voice. The verb phrase patterns for the present perfect passive are as follows:

• first person singular – have + been + past participle – I by a bee.
• second person singular – have + been + past participle – You with a crime.
• third person singular – has + been + past participle – The garbage already .
• first person plural – have + been + past participle – We to retire.
• second person plural – have + been + past participle – you service?
• third person plural – have + been + past participle – The spies by the enemy!

As with other passive constructions, some Englishes also allow for the present perfect passive to be formed by the present tense form of the verb plus the past participle followed by a past participle. The use of as a passive auxiliary requires the addition of the operator in interrogative sentences. The verb phrase patterns for the present perfect passive with the auxiliary verb are as follows:

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• first person singular – have + gotten + past participle – I for the job.
• second person singular – have + gotten + past participle – you by marmots?
• third person singular – has + gotten + past participle – The other team in the butt.
• first person plural – have + gotten + past participle – We for death.
• second person plural – have + gotten + past participle – you from a job?
• third person plural – have + gotten + past participle – My coworkers for their achievements.

Notice that the present tense of the verb is regular in all persons and numbers except for the third person singular.

Uses of the Present Perfect Passive

Similar to the present perfect in the active voice, the present perfect passive expresses and emphasizes a previous action or event that began in the past and continued up to the present and whose consequences have implications for the present. Also like the present perfect active, the present perfect passive occurs most often in sentences that express (1) experiences and accomplishments, (2) changes over time, (3) incomplete actions with expected ends, (4) continuous actions with starting points in the past, (5) past actions with present results, and (6) multiple actions at different times. For example:

• All the cookies .
• My homework in already.
• Language for many years.
• My toes many times.

The main difference between the present perfect in the active voice and the present perfect in the passive voice in terms of grammar and semantics is that the present perfect passive allows for an object of an active sentence to move into the subject position of a passive sentence. For example, the use of the active voice in means that the subject is the noun phrase and the direct object is the noun phrase . By changing the same sentence into the passive voice — — the original direct object moves into the subject position. By using the passive voice, a speaker can emphasize an object from an active sentence and/or de-emphasize the subject from an active sentence.

The following visual illustrates the uses of the perfect aspect of English verbs:

The present perfect passive expresses and emphasizes previous actions with present implications that began in the past and continued up to the present while moving an object from an active sentence into the subject position.

Summary

The present perfect is defined as a verb form that expresses and emphasizes a previous action or state that began in the past and continued up to the present and whose consequences have implications for the present.

The present perfect passive is periphrastic, which means consisting of a “phrase of two or more words that perform a single grammatical function that would otherwise be expressed by the inflection of a single word.”

The present perfect passive is formed by a present tense form of the verb plus the past participle followed by a past participle.

Only transitive verbs and verbs with verb phrase complements may be conjugated into the passive voice.

The main difference between the present perfect in the active voice and the present perfect in the passive voice in terms of grammar and semantics is that the present perfect passive allows for an object of an active sentence to move into the subject position of a passive sentence.

Hopper, Paul J. 1999. . New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Kilby, David. 1984. . Dover, New Hampshire: Croom Helm.
Leech, Geoffrey N. 2004. . Harlow, English: Pearson Longman.

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