reported speech: คุณกำลังดูกระทู้
Chuyên đề Reported speech – Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh
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I. Lời nói trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
– Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:).
– Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “I don’t like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech)là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East”
My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)
Statement
Reported speech
S + V + O
said/ to Sb (O) + That + S2V2
S1 + told (O) + That + S2V2
talked + about st
* Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
– They said they would return to Paris the month after.
Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Rule (QTắc)
Direct speech (Trực tiếp)
Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1. Verbs
(Động từ)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es)
Past simple (Ved)
Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving)
Past progressive (was/ were+Ving)
Present perfect (have/ has+VpII)
Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past simple (Ved)
Past perfect (had +VpII)
Past progressive (was/ were +Ving)
Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Past perfect
Past perfect
Future simple (will +V)
Future in the past (would +V)
Near future (is/ am/ are +going to+V)
Was/ were +going to +V
2. Modal verbs
Will
Can
May
Must
Would
Could
Might
Must/Had to
3. Adverb
of place
This
That
These
Those
Here
There
4. Adverb
of time
Now
Then
Today
That day
Yesterday
The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday
Two days before
Tomorrow
The day after/ the next (following)day
The day after tomorrow
Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago
Before
This week
That week
Last week
The week before/ the previous week
Last night
The night before
Next week
The week after/ the following week
5. Subject
/Object
I/ me
She, he/ Her, him
We/ our
They/ us
You/ you
I, we/ me, us
* Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
Order
Reported speech
V + O
Asked/ told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
S1 + Offered/ recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive
* Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…
* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
Questions
Reported speech
1. Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/ does/ did/ had/ will)
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/ whether + S2V2
2. Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O?
S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
* Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX: 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
– My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
– The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
– Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
– My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
– He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait.
4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday.”
– She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis.”
– He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.
II. Bài tập về reported speech có đáp án
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1. She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
___________________________________________________________
2. They said, “We are learning English now”
___________________________________________________________
3. “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.
___________________________________________________________
4. “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend”, she said
___________________________________________________________
5. “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
___________________________________________________________
6. “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
___________________________________________________________
7. “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.
___________________________________________________________
8. “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
___________________________________________________________
9. “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.
___________________________________________________________
10. “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
___________________________________________________________
11. “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.
___________________________________________________________
12. He said to her, “You are my friend.”
___________________________________________________________
13. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
___________________________________________________________
14. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.
___________________________________________________________
15. Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
___________________________________________________________
16. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
___________________________________________________________
17. Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.
___________________________________________________________
18. “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.
___________________________________________________________
19. He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
________________________________________________
20. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
________________________________________________
21. He said, “I have a toothache.”
________________________________________________
22. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
________________________________________________
23. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
________________________________________________
24. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
________________________________________________
25. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
________________________________________________
26. He said, “I have received the envelope.”
________________________________________________
27. They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
________________________________________________
28. She said, “I feel very sick.”
________________________________________________
29. He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
________________________________________________
30. They said, “We’re flying to California.”
________________________________________________
31. He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”
________________________________________________
32. Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
________________________________________________
33. “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.
________________________________________________
34. “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.
________________________________________________
35. She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
________________________________________________
36. Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
________________________________________________
37. They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”
________________________________________________
38. Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
________________________________________________
39. They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
________________________________________________
40. Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”
________________________________________________
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother told me that she was sad then.
___________________________________________________________
2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.
___________________________________________________________
3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.
___________________________________________________________
4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.
___________________________________________________________
5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.
___________________________________________________________
6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.
______________________________________________
7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.
________________________________________________
8. He said that he had a toothache.
________________________________________________
9. She said she went to the museum every day.
________________________________________________
10. They said they were going to the supermarket.
________________________________________________
11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.
________________________________________________.
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
________________________________________________
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
________________________________________________
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
________________________________________________
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.
________________________________________________
5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
________________________________________________
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
________________________________________________
7. He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”.
________________________________________________
8. My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”.
________________________________________________
9. He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”.
________________________________________________
10. He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
________________________________________________
11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
________________________________________________
12. She said to me “I have a big house”
________________________________________________
13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
________________________________________________
14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
________________________________________________
15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
________________________________________________
16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
________________________________________________
17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
________________________________________________
18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
________________________________________________
19. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
________________________________________________
20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
________________________________________________
21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
________________________________________________
22. My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
________________________________________________
23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
________________________________________________
24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
________________________________________________
25. Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
________________________________________________
26. She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
________________________________________________
27. The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
________________________________________________
28. My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
________________________________________________
29. I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
________________________________________________
30. Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.
________________________________________________
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
-He told them________________________________________________
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
-He asked her where________________________________________________
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
-He asked________________________________________________
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.
-I told________________________________________________
5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us.
-She told________________________________________________
6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
-I asked her________________________________________________
7. “He’s not at home”, she said.
-She said that________________________________________________
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
-The girl wanted to know________________________________________________
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
-Tom told Ann________________________________________________
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
-He asked________________________________________________
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
-Thomas asked Jean________________________________________________
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
-I told Mary________________________________________________
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that________________________________________________
14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.
-She said that________________________________________________
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
– She asked us________________________________________________
16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
-He told Jack that________________________________________________
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
-Tom asked Jean________________________________________________
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
-He said that________________________________________________
19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us.
-He told us________________________________________________
20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.
-I asked him how long________________________________________________
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
-She wanted to know________________________________________________
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us.
-She asked us________________________________________________
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
-She invited me________________________________________________
24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them.
She told them________________________________________________
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.
-She asked________________________________________________
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
-She told.________________________________________________
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
-Mary asked________________________________________________
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
– Peter asked if ________________________________________________
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
-The office manager wondered________________________________________________
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
-John advised Elizabeth________________________________________________
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
-John accused________________________________________________
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
-Mary accused________________________________________________
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
-The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley________________________________________________
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
-The doctor advised________________________________________________
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.
-Tim wondered________________________________________________
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
-Paul apologized________________________________________________
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
– Martha asked Peter when________________________________________________
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.
-Anna asked________________________________________________
39. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
– William’s mother told________________________________________________
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
-Mrs. Rogers told________________________________________________
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
-George said________________________________________________
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
-Martin apologized________________________________________________
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
-The landlady asked________________________________________________
44. “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
-Mary asked________________________________________________
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
-The notice said that________________________________________________
46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked________________________________________________
47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
– She reminded me ________________________________________________
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys.
-The teacher told the boys________________________________________________
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
– The interviewer asked________________________________________________
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.
– The officer wanted to know________________________________________________
V. Make reported speech. Start all your answers with ‘she’, and use the past simple of ‘ask’, ‘say’ or ‘tell’. It’s the same day, so you don’t need to change the time expressions.
1) “Don’t do it!”
2) “I’m leaving tomorrow.”
3) “Please get me a cup of coffee.”
4) “She got married last week.”
5) “Be quick!”
6) “Could you explain number five, please?”
7) “Who do you live with?”
8) “We went to the theatre and then to an Italian restaurant.”
9) “I’ll come and help you at six.”
10) “What are you doing next Sunday?”
11) “Don’t go, please!”
12) “Do you work in New York?”
13) “Where the book shop is?”
14) “Come here, students!”
15) “I’ve never been to London.”
16) “Have you ever seen Harry Potter?”
17) “I don’t like brocolies.”
18) “Don’t be idiot!”
19) “Would you mind waiting a second please?”
20) “How often do you play the guitar?”
ĐÁP ÁN
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1. She said that she couldn’t fine her umbrella
2. They said that they were learning English then
3. Tom said that his friend is coming the following week
4. She said that she would help her mum with housework that weekend
5. They said that they could overcome that difficulty
6. My friend said that her father was a doctor there
7. The boy said to his neighbor that he was going on holiday the next day
8. The teacher said to his students that you would have to finish all those exercises before
the following week
9. She said that she had come back there early the day before
10. She said that she had broken the vase
11. The boy said to the girl that he would never see her again
12. He said to her that she was his friend
13 . Tom said that he didn’t know how to do this weekend.
14. The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
15. Marry said that her father had died the previous year
16. John said that he had finished studying his lesson
17. Mary said to John that she couldn’t go to the movies with him
18. Mary said to her friend that she could expect to see her the following Wednesday.
19. He said that he didn’t know what happened
20. She said that she had gone to the doctor the day before
21. He said that he had a toothache
22. She said that she would write him a prescription
23. They said that they were doing to the drugstore
24. He said that the doctor had given him some pills
25. She said that she went to the supermarket every day
26. He said that he had received the envelope
27. They said that they had visited Cannery Row
28. She said that she felt very sick
29. He said that he had bought some popcorn
30. They said that they were flying to California
31. He said that he was cutting off the main valve
32. Nam said that his uncle often planted the vegetables in the afternoon
33. She said that her uncle wouldn’t plant the vegetables the next day afternoon
34. Nga said that Mr and Mrs Pike had just read those newspapers
35. She said that she often listened to music at night
36. Lan’s mother said that her daughter usually brushed her teeth before meals
37. They said they had to do the assignments then
38. Lan says her sister seldom rode a bike to school
39. They said that their teacher sometimes explained the difficult lesson
40. Nam said that he was doing his homework then
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother said, “ I am sad now”
2. One of my friends said, “I like learning English with my teacher”
3. The doctor said, “I can leave the hospital today”
4. The film director said “I am willing to work now”
5. The teacher said to his students, “You will be busy next month”
6. “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” Tom asked me
7. She said, “The doctor wrote me a prescription”
8. He said “I have a toothache”
9. She said, “I go to the museum every day”
10. They said, “ we are going to the supermarket”
11. She said, “the doctor gave me some pills”
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1 – She told him to give her another glass of wine.
2 – She told me to bring her a book.
3 – Mother told him to open the window.
4 – He told me to shut the door after me.
5 – The captain told them to wait there still he come back.
6 – She told her to take it and come with her.
7 – He told me not to come back before one o’clock.
8 – My mother told me not to forget to look at the door.
9 – He told his brother not to open the window, open the door.
10 – He told the girl not to sit on his bed, sit on that chair.
11 – The teacher said she was a teacher.
12 – She said she had a big house.
13 – She said she was going to the party.
14 – She said she has given him her letter.
15 – She said she had finished her work
16 – Nam said he weren’t a pupil.
17 – Nam said he were going to HCM City.
18 – He said to me he had gone to my house.
19 – She says she knew my difficulties.
20 – He said to me he had given him my present.
21 – He asked me who Oliver Twist was.
22 – My mother asked me what the matter was with me
23 – I asked him which book he found
24 – He asked me when I finished my work.
25 – Mai asked me why I hadn’t come
26 – She says that she had a wonderful evening.
27 – The teacher tells us that we should learn harder and harder
28 – My mother says that we are having a party the next day.
29 – I say to him that our teacher will come on time
30 – Mai’s parents say that they are going to invite twenty guests to the party
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident
to the police
V. Make reported speech. Start all your answers with ‘she’, and use the past simple of ‘ask’, ‘say’ or ‘tell’. It’s the same day, so you don’t need to change the time expressions.
1 – She told me not to do it.
2 – She said that she was leaving the following day.
3 – She asked me to get her a cup of coffee.
4 – She said that she had got married the previous week.
5 – She told me to be quick.
6 – She asked me to explain number five.
7 – She asked me who I lived with.
8 – She said that they had gone to the theatre and then to an Italian restaurant.
9 – She said that she would come and help me at six
10 – She asked me what I was doing the next Sunday.
11 – She told me not to go.
12 – She asked me if/ whether I worked in Paris
13 – She asked me to where the book shop was.
14 – She told her students to come there.
15 – She said that she had never been to London.
16 – She asked me if I had ever seen Harry Potter
17 – She said that she didn’t like brocolies.
18 – She told me not to be idiot.
19 – She asked me to wait a second.
20 – She asked me how often I played the guitar
Trên đây là Chuyên đề Reported speech – Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh. Mời bạn đọc tham khảo thêm nhiều tài liệu ôn tập Tiếng Anh cơ bản khác như: Tài liệu luyện kỹ năng Tiếng Anh cơ bản, Ôn tập Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh, Luyện thi Tiếng Anh trực tuyến,… được cập nhật liên tục trên VnDoc.com.
[Update] Help for English | reported speech – NATAVIGUIDES
Nepřímá řeč (
reported speech
)
Část první:
základní principy, oznamovací věty
Nepřímá řeč v angličtině je dalším obávaným jevem, díky kterému
se ježí hrůzou vlasy nejednomu studentu. Ale jako obvykle, nejedná se
o nějakou složitou vědu, stačí pouze pochopit, že angličtina funguje
trochu na jiném principu než čeština.
Přímá / nepřímá řeč
O co se vůbec jedná nám přiblíží následující příklad. Nejprve
přímá řeč:
Řekl mi: ‘Nemůžu s vámi jít, protože nemám čas. Dneska se
budu celý večer učit, protože jsem včera dostal pětku.’
Přímá řeč je to, co dotyčný doopravdy řekl, přesná slova
(v uvozovkách) apod. Podívejme se, jak by to v češtině znělo
v nepřímé řeči:
Řekl mi, že s námi nemůže jít, protože nemá čas a bude se
celý večer učit, protože den předtím dostal pětku.
Vidíme, že v našem jazyce změníme osobní zájmena (já nemůžu –
že on nemůže) a některá příslovce (včera – den předtím).
V češtině použijeme ten čas, který bychom použili v přímé řeči,
tedy jako by to člověk říkal nyní. Podívejme se na následující
příklad:
Řekl, že má hlad. – ve vedlejší větě je
přítomný čas, který vyjadřuje, že v momentě, kdy on to řekl, to
vlastně byla přítomnost (proto přítomný)
Řekl, že měl hlad. – ve vedlejší větě je
použitý minulý čas, který říká, že v momentě, kdy on to řekl, už
daný děj (hlad) byl minulostí (proto minulý)
Řekl, že bude mít hlad. – ve vedlejší větě je
nyní budoucí čas, který znamená, že v moment mluvení dotyčný člověk
ještě hlad neměl, ale oznamoval, že v budoucnosti ho mít bude (proto
budoucí)
V angličtině je však věc složitější. Je-li totiž věta hlavní
v minulém čase (řekl, že) musí tomuto času odpovídat i časy
v ostatních větách, ne jako v češtině:
He said (that) he was
hungry. – když to řekl, tak měl právě hlad, proto
musí být v angličtině oba časy stejné, jeho mluvení i jeho hlad byl
v minulosti
He said (that) he had been
hungry. – když to řekl, hlad již tehdy byl minulostí,
a proto pokud použijeme pro ‘řekl’ čas minulý, pro ten druhý děj musí
být čas, který mluví o tom, co bylo ještě předtím – tedy
předminulý čas. Z pohledu přítomnosti (tady a teď) tedy jasně vidíme,
jak to bylo: řekl to – v minulosti, měl hlad – ještě
předtím
He said (that) he would be
hungry. – když to řekl, hlad ještě neměl a
očekával hlad v budoucnosti. Would nám
vyjádří, že v momentě mluvení to byla budoucnost, nemusí to však být
budoucnost z našeho pohledu (tady a teď), ten hlad již nyní
pravděpodobně nemá
Prakticky vlastně dochází k tomu, že to, co je v přímé řeči se
prostě posune ‘o jeden čas zpět’.
Časový posun
Přítomnost
Přítomný čas prostý
Minulý čas prostý
“I like pizza.”
He said (that) he liked
pizza.
“I am very happy.”
He said (that) he was very
happy.
“I get up at six.”
He said (that) he got up at
six.
“I don’t like this.”
He said (that) he didn’t like
it.
“I have to go.”
He said (that) he had to
go.
Přítomný čas průběhový
Minulý čas průběhový
“I‘m waiting for
you.”
He said (that)he was waiting for
me.
“It‘s raining.”
He said (that) it was
raining.
“They aren’t
listening.”
He said (that) they weren’t
listening.
Předpřítomný čas
Předminulý čas
“I‘ve seen it twice.”
He said (that) he had seen it
twice.
“She hasn’t told me.”
He said (that) she hadn’t told
him.
“I‘ve never been
there.”
He said (that) he‘d never
been there.
Předpřítomný průběhový
Předminulý průběhový
“I‘ve been waiting for
2 hours.”
He said (that) he had been waiting
for 2 hours.
“She‘s been
painting.”
He said (that) she had been
painting.
“I haven’t been listening to
you.”
He said (that) he hadn’t been
listening to me.
Minulost
Minulý čas prostý
Předminulý čas prostý
“I liked pizza.”
He said (that) he had liked
pizza.
“I was very happy.”
He said (that) he had been very
happy.
“I got up at six.”
He said (that) he had got up at
six.
“I didn’t like it.”
He said (that) he hadn’t liked
it.
“I had to go.”
He said (that) he had had to
go.
Minulý čas průběhový
Předminulý průběhový
“I was waiting for
you.”
He said (that) he had been waiting
for me.
“It was raining.”
He said (that) it had been
raining.
“They weren’t
listening.”
He said (that) they hadn’t been
listening.
Předminulý čas
Nemění se!
“I had seen it
twice.”
He said (that) he had seen it
twice.
Budoucnost
WILL
WOULD
“I will help you.”
He said (that) he would help
me.
“She‘ll pay for
that!”
He said (that)she would pay for
that.
“I won’t do it.”
He said (that) he wouldn’t do
it.
“At 8, she‘ll be watching a
movie.”
He said (that) she would be watching
a movie at 8.
“It will have started by
then.”
He said (that) it would have started
by then.
BE GOING TO
WAS/WERE GOING TO
“I‘m going to watch
TV.”
He said (that) he was going to
watch TV.
“I‘m not going to study
tonight.”
He said (that) he wasn’t going to
study that night.
Budoucí čas se v angličtině vždy tvoří pomocí přítomného času,
ať již přítomného času pomocného slovesa will, nebo
přítomného průběhového času slovesa go
(be going to), nebo se používá přítomný prostý či
průběhový čas ve významu budoucím.
Proto je zde časový posun tak jednoduchý. Stačí to, co je ve větě
přítomné, posunout do minulosti: tedy minulý čas slovesa will je would a minulý
čas od be going to je was/were going
to.
Pozn.: Některé učebnice uvádějí, že budoucí čas se mění na
podmiňovací způsob. Zde však would
s podmiňovacím způsobem nemá nic společného (kromě tvaru slova) – nic
zde nepodmiňujeme, žádná podmínka zde není.
Časový posun se však týká i modálních sloves:
Modální slovesa
CAN, MAY, WILL, SHALL
COULD, MIGHT, WOULD
“I can ski quite
well.”
He said (that) he could ski quite
well.
“You can’t do it.”
He said (that) I couldn’t do
it.
“I may do it.”
He said (that) he might do
it.
“That‘ll be John.”
He said (that) it would be
John.
“You shall never regret
that.”
He said (that) I would never
regret that.
MUST, NEEDN’T
většinou se nepřevádí (lze převést
na HAD TO, DIDN’T HAVE TO)
“You must help me!”
He said (that) I must / had
to help him.
“I needn’t go
there.”
He said t(that) at he didn’t have to
go there.
minulá modální slovesa
Nemění se!
“I would do it for
you.”
He said (that) he would do it for
me.
“I might come and help
you.”
He said (that) he might come and
help me.
“She must have gone
there.”
He said (that) she must have gone
there.
“You can’t have seen me
there.”
He said (that) I can’t have seen
him there.
“You needn’t have taken so much
money.”
He said (that) I needn’t have taken
so much money.
Další změny
Kromě změny času musíme mít na paměti další nutné změny. První
z nich je samozřejmě změna osobních zájmen. Pokud je v přímé řeči
slovo ‘já’, jedná se o člověka který mluví, a změníme-li větu na
nepřímou řeč, musíme i toto zájmeno změnit.
“I like fish.” – He said that he
liked fish.
I další osobní zájmena podléhají změnám, záleží však vždy na
kontextu. Pokud kontext nemáte a pracujete pouze s jednou vytrženou větou,
možností převodu je několik. Například:
“He doesn’t like
you.” – zde vůbec nevíme, kdo to komu říká
a o kom
A proto se vždy musíte zamyslet především nad kontextem.
Změnám podlehnou také jakákoliv místní a
časová příslovečná určení, která se přímo vztahují
k místu a času mluvení. Řekneme-li slovo ‘dnes’, máme tím na mysli
den, ve který danou větu říkáme. Převedeme-li větu do nepřímé řeči,
‘dnes’ již vůbec nemusí být dnes.
Slůvko ‘tady’ již také nemusí odpovídat místu, na kterém jsme,
když nepřímou řeč používáme. Měníme především ta příslovečná
určení času a místa, která mají vztah pouze k času a místu, kdy je
člověk pronesl (např. nyní, včera, zítra, před rokem apod.) Určitě
nebudeme měnit např. rok 1999, protože ten zůstává rokem 1999 ať již
o něm mluvíme dnes, nebo kdykoliv jindy.
Příslovečná určení
NOW
AT THAT MOMENT, THEN *1
“I want to do it
now.”
He said (that) he wanted to do it at that
moment.
“I don’t know it
now.”
He said (that) he didn’t know it
then.
TODAY, THIS MONTH…
THAT DAY, THAT MONTH
“I’ve seen her
today.”
He said (that) he had seen her that
day.
“I like the weather this
year.”
He said (that) he liked the weather that
year.
YESTERDAY, LAST YEAR
THE DAY BEFORE, THE PREVIOUS…
“I saw you
yesterday.”
He said (that) he had seen me the day
before.
“Last year was very
bad.”
He said (that) the previous year had
been very bad.
TOMORROW, NEXT MONTH
THE FOLLOWING DAY…
“I’ll do it
tomorrow.”
He said (that) he would do it the following
day.
“I’ll go there next
summer.”
He said (that) he would go there the following
summer.
AGO
BEFORE
“I finished it two days
ago.”
He said (that) he had finished it two days
before.
HERE
THERE
“There’s nobody
here.”
He said (that) there was nobody
there.
Se změnou místních příslovečných určení (here na there),
ukazovacích zájmen (this na that, these na those) souvisí
ještě např. případná změna slovesa come na
go,
bring na take apod.
Sloveso come totiž znamená ‘jít odněkud sem’, a to tedy
může být nutné změnit na go, což znamená
‘jít odněkud někam’. Stejně tak bring znamená
‘přinést’, neboli ‘vzít něco odněkud sem’, což zase v některé
situaci je nutné převést na ‘vzít něco odněkud někam’, tedy
take.
Pozn.: Více v článcích GO
vs. COME a Pleteme si:
take, bring, fetch, carry, hold.
Kdy k posunu nedojde?
Posun časů, zájmen a příslovečných určení nebudeme provádět, pokud
to není potřeba, tedy pokud daný čas, zájmeno a příslovečné určení
stále ještě platí a vztahuje se i na čas a místo, kdy používáme
nepřímou řeč. Pokud je v přímé řeči slovo today a my ještě
ten den používáme nepřímou řeč, i v ní potom zůstane today:
He said that he went there
yesterday. – Řekl, že tam včera jel (včera
z pohledu dneška, tedy dne, kdy tuto větu říkáme my)
He said that he had gone there the day
before. – Řekl, že tam jel den předtím (než
to řekl)
Pokud je v přímé řeči čas budoucí, můžeme ho ponechat
i v nepřímé řeči, pokud se stále ještě o budoucnost jedná:
He said that he will help
me. – Řekl, že mi pomůže, t.j. stále čekám pomoc.
He said that he would help
me. – Řekl, že mi pomůže (a pomohl / ale nepomohl). Pomoc už
nečekám.
Dalším případem, kdy k posunu nedochází, je posun z minulého času
na předminulý. V současné době tento posun není stoprocentně nutnou
záležitostí a podle moderních učebnic je možné věty v minulém čase
ponechat v nepřímé řeči beze změny.
Pokud by však tím, že v nepřímé řeči ponecháme minulý čas, mohlo
dojít k nesprávnému pochopení, je vždy potřeba tento čas převést.
A proto ho raději převeďte, nic tím nezkazíte. Některé učebnice toto
totiž ‘neznají’ a mohli byste se tak dopustit zbytečných ‘chyb’.
Posledním případem, kdy k posunu nedojde, je to, když je hlavní věta
v přítomném čase. Tedy: ‘Říká že…’ –
‘He says that…’
Závěrem
V tomto prvním článku věnovaném nepřímé řeči v angličtině jsme
chtěli vysvětlit základní pravidla a principy, a vysvětlit, jak se
nepřímá řeč tvoří u oznamovacích vět. Ve druhé části se dovíte,
jak převádět tázací věty, otázky, zvolání apod. Je však nezbytně
nutné, abyste si nejprve osvojili ta pravidla, která jsou obsažená v tomto
dílu. Většina dalších věcí totiž na ně navazuje.
Na paměti tedy vždy mějte tři základní kroky:
- změnit čas slovesa (‘o jeden zpět’)
- změnit osobní zájmena
- změnit případná příslovečná určení času a místa
- má význam ‘potom’ ale i ‘tehdy’
Překlad:
Grammar: Learn to use REPORTED SPEECH in English
http://www.engvid.com/ Reported speech and indirect speech mean the same thing: They allow you to express what someone has said. This sentence, \”He said he was studying English\”, is an example of reported speech. But how do you conjugate the verbs? Is it \”he said he was studying\” or \”he said he studied\”? Both are correct depending on the situation. Learn how to say it correctly every time with Ronnie’s quick and easy chart. Your friends said they watched this lesson. So what are you waiting for? http://www.engvid.com/reportedspeechhesaidshesaid/
TRANSCRIPT
Hi. My name’s Ronnie. I’m going to teach you some very, very simple reported speech things. If you don’t know what reported speech is, welcome to the confusing word… World of confusing reported speech and words. Reported speech, maybe when you study it in your class, the teacher or whoever, will call it indirect speech. It’s the same. So, indirect speech or reported speech is exactly the same. Yay. Why or how do we use reported speech? Good question. We use this to report or to write down what somebody has said.
If somebody has told you something, this is going to be a quote. A \”quote\” means you copy the person’s words exactly. You have to be really careful not to change their words. Reported speech or indirect speech is usually only used for writing. So, we don’t really have to worry about all of these crazy rules when we speak. Whew, thank god. So, we’re just going to go through the past, the present, and the future. We’re going to change quoted speech into reported speech. This little chart will help you. If you want to copy down this chart, take a picture of the chart, I guarantee it will make your reported speech grammar class or grammar learning amazing. Check it out.
So, in the present tense, we have two tenses, we have present simple or simple present and we have present continuous. As an example: \”She eats lunch.\” is present simple. This is something she does every day. So if I wanted to report or write down this, write this down, I would use reported speech. So: \”She eats lunch.\” My present simple, what I’m going to do is I’m going to take my verb \”eats\”, and change it to past simple. So, present simple verb we’re going to change to past simple. I would say: \”She said she ate lunch.\” In this sentence, \”eat\” is present simple; in the reported speech, \”ate\” is my past simple. So, present simple changes to past simple in reported speech.
If I have a present continuous example, this means something the person is doing now… For example: \”He is painting.\” So he’s an artist, he’s got a paint brush and some paint, and he’s painting. We have to change this to past continuous. So, if we have \”is painting\”, all we have to do to make this past continuous is change it to \”was painting\”. Present continuous to past continuous, the only thing that changes is our \”to be\” verb changes from present to past. \”He said he was painting.\”
Moving right along. Or moving back, back to the future. We have present perfect. An example of a present perfect sentence: \”He\”, sorry. \”They had a shower.\” It’s about time; they smell a lot. So, if we wanted to report this or write this down, we would say… Oh, he said… He… Sorry: \”They have had\”. This is strange, \”have had\”. Check this out. Present perfect is going to change to past perfect. So: \”They have had\”, if we change it to past perfect, we have to change it to \”had had\”. Ronnie, \”had had\”? Is that true? Yes. This is right. So, present perfect, \”have had\”, changes to \”had\” plus PP: \”had had\”. So: \”They said they had had a shower.\” And it’s about time, because they’re pretty smelly.
The next one: past simple. For example: \”He took my photo.\” In this sentence, your verb is \”took\”. This is a past. So, past simple, present perfect, both of these we have to change to, again, past perfect. So we’re going to change this to: \”They said he had taken my photo.\”
And the last one, past perfect, don’t change it. It’s cool. It’s already done. Past perfect you have to change to past perfect, so you don’t have to change the grammar in this sentence. \”They had had a dog.\” \”They said they had had\”that’s crazy again, but it’s true\”a dog.\” So, if you have a past sentence, present perfect, simple past, or past perfect, all of these are going to be changed to past perfect. That’s easier. \”Had\” plus the past participle. You okay?
Moving on to the future. We have two future tenses in English. Future simple or simple future, which is going to be \”will\”, and we have future \”going to\”. Simple future: \”She will go.\” Future \”going to\”: \”They are going to play football with their new shoes.\” Do you play football? Future simple: \”She will go\”, all we’re going to do is change the verb or the modal \”will\” to \”would\”. So it’s going to change to: \”She would go\”. That’s cool. \”Will\” changes to \”would\”. That’s easy.
นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูความรู้เพิ่มเติมที่นี่
Hướng dẫn cách biến đổi câu reported speech (cực dễ hiểu)
câutườngthuật, biếnđổicâureportedspeech, câureportedspeech
Trong Video clip này tôi xin chi sẻ với các bạn phương pháp biến đổi câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp một cách dễ hiểu nhất. Nếu các bạn thấy video hay thì xin cho mình 1 like để có đọng lực nhé. Hoặc bạn nào có phương pháp hay hơn thì hãy để lại dưới comment nhé. Xin cảm ơn các bạn.
Video luyên phát âm : https://youtu.be/g3t9FbiX6Bg
Mệnh đề quan hệ: https://youtu.be/z9SnnsdCEo
REPORTED SPEECH: Verb Tense Changes | Direct and Indirect Speech in English
REPORTED SPEECH! Direct and Indirect Speech: Verb Tense Changes https://7esl.com/directindirectspeechtensechanges/
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech in English.
When changing from direct to indirect speech, you need to change the grammar in certain ways.
Verb tense forms usually need to change.
WATCH MORE:
★ Grammar: https://goo.gl/7n226T
★ Vocabulary: https://goo.gl/E5Ty4T
★ Expressions: https://goo.gl/JBpgCF
★ Phrasal Verbs: https://goo.gl/Ux3fip
★ Idioms: https://goo.gl/y7wNjN
★ Conversations: https://goo.gl/pmdpQT
★ English Writing: https://goo.gl/46gmY7
★ IELTS: https://goo.gl/Tg2U4v
★ TOEFL: https://goo.gl/8Zwvic
★ British vs. American English: https://goo.gl/VHa5W8
★ Pronunciation: https://goo.gl/P4eR39
★ Business English: https://goo.gl/r7jqtB
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Reported Speech
Bài 27: Câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh – Reported Speech | HỌC247
👉 Tải App HOC247 cho iOS/Android: http://onelink.to/4nuchu
1. Câu tường thuật tiếng Anh What is reported speech?[01:05]
2. Sự thay đổi về thì trong tiếng Anh Tense change [02:30]
3. Các trường hợp không đổi thì No tense change [06:57]
4. Những vấn đề liên quan đến người tường thuật Speakers[10:50]
5. Con người, thời gian, nơi chốn khi tường thuật People, time, place [13:00]
6. Phân biệt say, tell, speak [15:40]
7. Cách tường thuật câu hỏi Reporting questions [18:06]
8. Cách tường thuật mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu Reporting commands, requests24:10]
9. Một số dạng tường thuật khác Others reporting [25:26]
Cảm ơn các em đã xem Video bài giảng Câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh của Thầy Bùi Đức Tiến trong chuyên đề Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh
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ขอบคุณที่รับชมกระทู้ครับ reported speech