the passive voice: นี่คือโพสต์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับหัวข้อนี้
Table of Contents
Passive Voice
Everyone drinks water.
Water is drunk by everyone.
“Voice” is a grammatical category that applies to verbs. Voice in English expresses the relationship of the subject to the action. Voice has two values:
- active: the subject does the action
- passive: the subject receives the action
Shakespeare
wrote
Hamlet.
Hamlet
was written
by
Shakespeare.
The active voice is the “normal” voice – the one that we use most of the time. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb:
active
subject
verb
object
→
Cats
eat
mice.
The passive voice is less common. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
passive
subject
verb
object
←
Mice
are eaten
by cats.
See how the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject
verb
object
active
Everybody
drinks
water.
passive
Water
is drunk
by everybody.
Active Voice
Cats eat mice.
The active voice is the “normal” voice of an English sentence. Intransitive verbs (verbs with no direct object) are always in the active voice. Transitive verbs are usually in the active voice:
subject
verb
Johnny
laughed.
Anton
got up
late.
People
drink
water.
In the active voice, the subject is the person or thing responsible for the action of the verb.
All tenses are possible in the active voice, as well as all sentence types, positive, negative or question.
Use of active
The active voice is the “default” voice in English. All intransitive verbs can only be in the active voice, and all transitive verbs usually are active voice – unless we deliberately make them passive.
In spoken English, we almost always use active voice. It is the natural choice, more precise and generally shorter.
In written English, active voice is usually easier and more interesting for the reader. Passive voice can sound dull and bureaucratic, and is typical of official writing. In the interests of “plain English” that the average person can understand, many governments now encourage civil servants to write in the active voice.
The active voice is:
- direct and specific
- uses fewer words – always a good thing
- dynamic
Except on occasions when the passive voice is actually useful, the active voice is the voice of choice.
Passive Voice
Mice are eaten by cats.
Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the passive voice and when and why to use it.
How do we make the passive?
The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:
subject
+
auxiliary verb
be
+
main verb
past participle
+
by
+
agent
optional
The auxiliary be is conjugated in all tenses. The main verb is always the past participle. The agent is the original “doer” of the action.
Look at some examples:
subject
auxiliary verb be
main verb
past participle
by
I
am
employed
by
Apple.
You
will be
woken
at 6.
It
will have been
finished
by then.
We
have been
notified
by
Head Office.
You
are being
transferred
next week.
They
will be
paid.
Notice above↑:
- auxiliary be can be conjugated for all persons and tenses
- main verb is invariable: past participle
- if there is an agent (Apple, Head Office), it is introduced by by
Agentless passive
The subject of an active sentence “does” the action. In a passive sentence, we express the doer (or agent) through a by phrase (the long passive) or, very often, we remove it completely (the short passive). In the following example, the agent is “the Allies”:
active
The Allies firebombed Dresden.
passive
long
Dresden was firebombed by the Allies.
short
Dresden was firebombed.
The short passive is also known as the “agentless passive”. Soon you will see how useful it can be.
Negatives and questions
The table below shows examples of the passive with negative sentences, question sentences and negative-question sentences:
subject
auxiliary verb
be
main verb
past participle
–
You
are
not
paid
to watch YouTube.
They
will
never
be
employed
by us.
?
Are
they
cleaned
regularly?
Has
your wallet
been
stolen?
-?
Is
he
not
notified
immediately?
Will
they
not
be
dismissed?
Have
n’t
they
been
forgotten?
Notice above↑:
- position of auxiliary be or first auxiliary for questions
- possible positions of not, n’t, never to create negation
Use of the passive
When and why do we use passive voice?
There are several times when the passive voice is useful, and usually the decision has to do with the “doer” (agent) or the “receiver” of the action. For example, we use the passive when:
1. we want to emphasize the receiver of the action:
- President Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald.
cf: Lee Harvey Oswald killed President Kennedy.
2. we don’t know who did the action (the agent):
- My wallet has been stolen.
cf: Somebody has stolen my wallet.
3. we think the agent is not important or interesting:
- Our house is being painted.
cf: XYZ Company is painting our house.
4. the agent is obvious:
- I am paid weekly.
cf: My company pays me weekly.
5. we are making general statements or announcements:
- Passengers are reminded to fasten their seatbelts.
cf: The Captain reminds passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
6. the agent is everyone:
- The emergency services can be called by dialling 999.
cf: The public can call the emergency services by dialling 999.
7. we are writing formal or scientific texts:
- Potassium was added and mixed in. The solution was heated to 80°C and then allowed to cool.
cf: The technician added potassium and mixed it in. The technician
heated the solution to 80°C and then allowed it to cool.
8. we want to avoid responsibility for our own actions (typically found in government reports):
- Mistakes were made and unfortunately never rectified.
cf: The Prime Minister made mistakes and unfortunately never rectified them.
- He was killed with a gun.
Normally we use by to introduce the agent. But the gun is not the original doer of the action. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. Somebody is the agent. The gun is the instrument.
Look at this sentence:Normally we useto introduce the agent. But the gun is not the original doer of the action. The gun did not kill him. He was killedsomebodya gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed hima gun. Somebody is the agent. The gun is the instrument.
The get-passive
Although we normally construct the passive with be + past participle, it is also possible (in informal language) to use get + past participle. So if France beat England at football, we could turn this to passive and say “England were beaten by France” (be-passive) or “England got beaten by France” (get-passive). And we might also add: “But France will get thrashed by Russia.”
For formal English and exams you should use the be-passive, but in informal language people sometimes use the get-passive.
Forms of passive
The passive voice is not a tense itself. But for transitive verbs each tense, as well as other verb forms such as infinitives and participles, can be produced in the passive voice. Some of the more complicated tenses (mostly perfect continuous) are rarely used in the passive, but they are possible.
Here are some examples of the passive voice with many of the possible forms using the verb sing:
infinitive
to be sung
perfect infinitive
to have been sung
participle
sung
perfect participle
having been sung
gerund
being sung
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Present
am, are, is sung
am, are, is being sung
have, has been sung
Past
was, were sung
was, were being sung
had been sung
Future
will be sung
will be being sung
will have been sung
Active and Passive Examples
The table below shows example sentences in active and passive voice for the basic tenses as well as various other verb forms, including infinitives and participles.
active
passive
Present Simple
How does one pronounce his name?
How is his name pronounced?
Present Continuous
Ati’s helping Tara.
Tara’s being helped by Ati.
Present Perfect
Kid has served dinner.
Dinner has been served.
Present Perfect Continuous
The police have been watching that house for weeks.
That house has been being watched for weeks.
Past Simple
They didn’t fix my phone yesterday.
My phone wasn’t fixed yesterday.
Past Continuous
They were interrogating him when I called.
He was being interrogated when I called.
Past Perfect
I wondered why they hadn’t invited me.
I wondered why I hadn’t been invited.
Past Perfect Continuous
She wasn’t sure how long they’d been following her.
She wasn’t sure how long she’d been being followed.*
Future Simple
They will hang him at dawn.
He will be hanged at dawn.
Future Continuous
They won’t be questioning him when you get there.
He won’t be being questioned when you get there.
Future Perfect
They will have repaired your car by 7pm.
Your car will have been repaired by 7pm.
Future Perfect Continuous
They’ll have been treating her for exactly three months tomorrow.
She’ll have been being treated for exactly three months tomorrow.*
infinitive
I don’t want anyone to disturb me.
I don’t want to be disturbed.
perfect infitive
They seem to have taken it.
It seems to have been taken.
participle
I saw the cat eating it.
I saw it being eaten by the cat.
perfect participle
Having finished my work, I went home.
My work having been finished, I went home.
gerund
I insisted on them paying me.
I insisted on being paid.
going to
Is he going to sing Thriller at the party?
Is Thriller going to be sung at the party?
used to
Ram used to take care of everything.
Everything used to be taken care of by Ram.
can
They can question him for six hours.
He can be questioned for six hours.
could
It could have badly hurt you.
You could have been badly hurt.
may
The papers say they may release him.
The papers say he may be released.
might
Somebody might buy it.
It might be bought.
must
Passengers must wear seat belts.
Seat belts must be worn.
should
You should have told me.
I should have been told.
ought to
They ought to forgive him.
He ought to be forgiven.
*possible but rather awkward and therefore rare
[Update] Passive Voice | the passive voice – NATAVIGUIDES
Passive Voice
Everyone drinks water.
Water is drunk by everyone.
“Voice” is a grammatical category that applies to verbs. Voice in English expresses the relationship of the subject to the action. Voice has two values:
- active: the subject does the action
- passive: the subject receives the action
Shakespeare
wrote
Hamlet.
Hamlet
was written
by
Shakespeare.
The active voice is the “normal” voice – the one that we use most of the time. In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb:
active
subject
verb
object
→
Cats
eat
mice.
The passive voice is less common. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb:
passive
subject
verb
object
←
Mice
are eaten
by cats.
See how the object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb:
subject
verb
object
active
Everybody
drinks
water.
passive
Water
is drunk
by everybody.
Active Voice
Cats eat mice.
The active voice is the “normal” voice of an English sentence. Intransitive verbs (verbs with no direct object) are always in the active voice. Transitive verbs are usually in the active voice:
subject
verb
Johnny
laughed.
Anton
got up
late.
People
drink
water.
In the active voice, the subject is the person or thing responsible for the action of the verb.
All tenses are possible in the active voice, as well as all sentence types, positive, negative or question.
Use of active
The active voice is the “default” voice in English. All intransitive verbs can only be in the active voice, and all transitive verbs usually are active voice – unless we deliberately make them passive.
In spoken English, we almost always use active voice. It is the natural choice, more precise and generally shorter.
In written English, active voice is usually easier and more interesting for the reader. Passive voice can sound dull and bureaucratic, and is typical of official writing. In the interests of “plain English” that the average person can understand, many governments now encourage civil servants to write in the active voice.
The active voice is:
- direct and specific
- uses fewer words – always a good thing
- dynamic
Except on occasions when the passive voice is actually useful, the active voice is the voice of choice.
Passive Voice
Mice are eaten by cats.
Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the passive voice and when and why to use it.
How do we make the passive?
The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:
subject
+
auxiliary verb
be
+
main verb
past participle
+
by
+
agent
optional
The auxiliary be is conjugated in all tenses. The main verb is always the past participle. The agent is the original “doer” of the action.
Look at some examples:
subject
auxiliary verb be
main verb
past participle
by
I
am
employed
by
Apple.
You
will be
woken
at 6.
It
will have been
finished
by then.
We
have been
notified
by
Head Office.
You
are being
transferred
next week.
They
will be
paid.
Notice above↑:
- auxiliary be can be conjugated for all persons and tenses
- main verb is invariable: past participle
- if there is an agent (Apple, Head Office), it is introduced by by
Agentless passive
The subject of an active sentence “does” the action. In a passive sentence, we express the doer (or agent) through a by phrase (the long passive) or, very often, we remove it completely (the short passive). In the following example, the agent is “the Allies”:
active
The Allies firebombed Dresden.
passive
long
Dresden was firebombed by the Allies.
short
Dresden was firebombed.
The short passive is also known as the “agentless passive”. Soon you will see how useful it can be.
Negatives and questions
The table below shows examples of the passive with negative sentences, question sentences and negative-question sentences:
subject
auxiliary verb
be
main verb
past participle
–
You
are
not
paid
to watch YouTube.
They
will
never
be
employed
by us.
?
Are
they
cleaned
regularly?
Has
your wallet
been
stolen?
-?
Is
he
not
notified
immediately?
Will
they
not
be
dismissed?
Have
n’t
they
been
forgotten?
Notice above↑:
- position of auxiliary be or first auxiliary for questions
- possible positions of not, n’t, never to create negation
Use of the passive
When and why do we use passive voice?
There are several times when the passive voice is useful, and usually the decision has to do with the “doer” (agent) or the “receiver” of the action. For example, we use the passive when:
1. we want to emphasize the receiver of the action:
- President Kennedy was killed by Lee Harvey Oswald.
cf: Lee Harvey Oswald killed President Kennedy.
2. we don’t know who did the action (the agent):
- My wallet has been stolen.
cf: Somebody has stolen my wallet.
3. we think the agent is not important or interesting:
- Our house is being painted.
cf: XYZ Company is painting our house.
4. the agent is obvious:
- I am paid weekly.
cf: My company pays me weekly.
5. we are making general statements or announcements:
- Passengers are reminded to fasten their seatbelts.
cf: The Captain reminds passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
6. the agent is everyone:
- The emergency services can be called by dialling 999.
cf: The public can call the emergency services by dialling 999.
7. we are writing formal or scientific texts:
- Potassium was added and mixed in. The solution was heated to 80°C and then allowed to cool.
cf: The technician added potassium and mixed it in. The technician
heated the solution to 80°C and then allowed it to cool.
8. we want to avoid responsibility for our own actions (typically found in government reports):
- Mistakes were made and unfortunately never rectified.
cf: The Prime Minister made mistakes and unfortunately never rectified them.
- He was killed with a gun.
Normally we use by to introduce the agent. But the gun is not the original doer of the action. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. Somebody is the agent. The gun is the instrument.
Look at this sentence:Normally we useto introduce the agent. But the gun is not the original doer of the action. The gun did not kill him. He was killedsomebodya gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed hima gun. Somebody is the agent. The gun is the instrument.
The get-passive
Although we normally construct the passive with be + past participle, it is also possible (in informal language) to use get + past participle. So if France beat England at football, we could turn this to passive and say “England were beaten by France” (be-passive) or “England got beaten by France” (get-passive). And we might also add: “But France will get thrashed by Russia.”
For formal English and exams you should use the be-passive, but in informal language people sometimes use the get-passive.
Forms of passive
The passive voice is not a tense itself. But for transitive verbs each tense, as well as other verb forms such as infinitives and participles, can be produced in the passive voice. Some of the more complicated tenses (mostly perfect continuous) are rarely used in the passive, but they are possible.
Here are some examples of the passive voice with many of the possible forms using the verb sing:
infinitive
to be sung
perfect infinitive
to have been sung
participle
sung
perfect participle
having been sung
gerund
being sung
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Present
am, are, is sung
am, are, is being sung
have, has been sung
Past
was, were sung
was, were being sung
had been sung
Future
will be sung
will be being sung
will have been sung
Active and Passive Examples
The table below shows example sentences in active and passive voice for the basic tenses as well as various other verb forms, including infinitives and participles.
active
passive
Present Simple
How does one pronounce his name?
How is his name pronounced?
Present Continuous
Ati’s helping Tara.
Tara’s being helped by Ati.
Present Perfect
Kid has served dinner.
Dinner has been served.
Present Perfect Continuous
The police have been watching that house for weeks.
That house has been being watched for weeks.
Past Simple
They didn’t fix my phone yesterday.
My phone wasn’t fixed yesterday.
Past Continuous
They were interrogating him when I called.
He was being interrogated when I called.
Past Perfect
I wondered why they hadn’t invited me.
I wondered why I hadn’t been invited.
Past Perfect Continuous
She wasn’t sure how long they’d been following her.
She wasn’t sure how long she’d been being followed.*
Future Simple
They will hang him at dawn.
He will be hanged at dawn.
Future Continuous
They won’t be questioning him when you get there.
He won’t be being questioned when you get there.
Future Perfect
They will have repaired your car by 7pm.
Your car will have been repaired by 7pm.
Future Perfect Continuous
They’ll have been treating her for exactly three months tomorrow.
She’ll have been being treated for exactly three months tomorrow.*
infinitive
I don’t want anyone to disturb me.
I don’t want to be disturbed.
perfect infitive
They seem to have taken it.
It seems to have been taken.
participle
I saw the cat eating it.
I saw it being eaten by the cat.
perfect participle
Having finished my work, I went home.
My work having been finished, I went home.
gerund
I insisted on them paying me.
I insisted on being paid.
going to
Is he going to sing Thriller at the party?
Is Thriller going to be sung at the party?
used to
Ram used to take care of everything.
Everything used to be taken care of by Ram.
can
They can question him for six hours.
He can be questioned for six hours.
could
It could have badly hurt you.
You could have been badly hurt.
may
The papers say they may release him.
The papers say he may be released.
might
Somebody might buy it.
It might be bought.
must
Passengers must wear seat belts.
Seat belts must be worn.
should
You should have told me.
I should have been told.
ought to
They ought to forgive him.
He ought to be forgiven.
*possible but rather awkward and therefore rare
The Passive Voice
Passive Voice is used when the focus is on the action, and not on the person who does it. Learn how to use it correctly in more tenses in this video. There are many examples that will make it easy for you to understand.
นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูเพิ่มเติม
How to Use the Passive Voice in English – English Grammar Lesson
Do you know what the passive voice is, how to form the passive, and when you should use the passive in English? In this lesson, you can learn about the passive voice in English. You can see what it is, how to form it, and how to use it.
Have more of your passive voice questions answered after you watch the lesson. Book an online English lesson now with one of our teachers here: http://bit.ly/ooeteachers.
See the full version of this free English grammar lesson here: https://www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/passivevoice
What you can learn in this lesson:
How to form the passive voice.
How to form different tenses in the passive.
How to use the passive to change the emphasis of a sentence.
How to use the passive when the subject of a verb is unknown or unimportant.
How to use the passive to sound more impersonal and indirect.
When not to use the passive.
SUBSCRIBE to continue improving your English! https://goo.gl/UUQW8j
See more of our free English lessons here: www.oxfordonlineenglish.com/freeenglishlessons
Practice the Passive Voice with scenes from TV shows
Practice the passive voice by watching these scenes from popular TV series. I don’t own these videos. I’m using them for educational purposes.
I’m sorry, but there’s a typo in on the blue screens. Instead of \”passive,\” I typed \”pasive.\”
The Active and Passive Voice
Thanks to J. Bitz, Latin teacher, for the ideas! Created using PowToon Free sign up at http://www.powtoon.com/join Create animated videos and animated presentations for free. PowToon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch, nonprofit fundraiser, product launch, video resume, or anything else you could use an animated explainer video. PowToon’s animation templates help you create animated presentations and animated explainer videos from scratch. Anyone can produce awesome animations quickly with PowToon, without the cost or hassle other professional animation services require.
Passive Voice Konu Anlatımı #81
Passive Voice Konu Anlatımı videomda İngilizcede edilgen yani passive cümlelerin nasıl kurulduğunu anlatıyorum.
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1. Passive voice nedir? 00:46
2. İngilizcede passive cümle nasıl kurulur? 02:13
3. Passive cümle kurulamayan tenseler nelerdir? 08:16
4. Passive cümlede ‘by’ kullanmak şart mıdır? 09:00
5. İki nesneli cümleler nasıl passive yapılır? 11:00
Active passive konu anlatımı yaptığım bu dersimiz, İngilizce edilgenlikle ile ilgili temel bilgileri içeriyor. Bu dersin sonunda İngilizce passive cümleler kurabilir ve anlayabilir hale gelebilirsiniz. Bir sonraki dersimiz ise, ileri düzey bir ders olarak düşünülebilir çünkü İngilizcedeki passive voice konusunun geriye kalan tüm detaylarını o derste öğreneceğiz.
1. Passive voice nedir? Passive, yani edilgen cümlelerde, cümlenin nesnesi özne görevine geçiyor ve cümleler Türkçeye, yapılıyor, yapıldı, yapılacak, yapılmakta, yapılmalı biçiminde çevriliyor.
2. İngilizcede passive cümle nasıl kurulur? Aslında bu açıdan şanslıyız çünkü az önce anlattığım, Türkçede geçerli olan kurallar İngilizcede de hemen hemen aynı.
3. Edilgen passive kurulamayan tenseler nelerdir? Have/has + been + Fiil ing yapısına sahip present perfect continuous ve had been + Fiil ing yapısına sahip past perfect continuous tenselerin, içlerinde zaten birer been kelimesi geçtiğinden olsa gerek, passive halleri olmuyor. Benzer şekilde, future continuous (Will/be going to + be + Fiil ing) ve future perfect continuous (Will + have been + Fiil ing) tenseleri de edilgen şekilde kullanmıyoruz.
4. Passive cümlede ‘by’ kullanmak şart mıdır? Değildir. Hatta aslında edilgen cümlelerde çoğu zaman by kullanmayız çünkü edilgen bir cümlede eylemi kimin yaptığından ziyade eylemin yapılmış olması önemli.
Bazen de etken cümlemizde bir özne geçse dahi, edilgene çevirdiğimizde by koyduktan sonra bu özneyi yazmaya gerek duymayız. Bunlar genellikle belirsiz bir kişiye veya nesneye gönderme yapan someone, something şeklindeki sözcükler olabileceği gibi, belirsiz bir gruba gönderme yapan “most people, everybody” şeklindeki kelimeler de olabilir.
5. İki nesneli cümleler nasıl passive yapılır? Passive voice cümle yapısının birinci şartı, pasif cümlede bir nesnenin geçmesi. Bu nesne, pasif cümlede özne olarak kullanılacağı için passive kurallarına göre mutlaka bir nesneye ihtiyacımız oluyor. Dolayısıyla, koşmak, yüzmek, gelmek, gitmek gibi geçişli olmayan, yani nesne almayan fiillerle edilgen cümleler kuramıyoruz. Bazı fiiller ise daha şanslı oluyor ve birden fazla nesneleri olabiliyor. Bu durumda nesnelerden biri dolaylı, diğeri dolaysız nesne adını alıyor. Bu tür filleri edilgen yaparken her iki nesneden de faydalanabiliyoruz. Faydalanmakla kastım, bunları edilgen cümlenin öznesi yapmak.
Passive cümlelerde, edat olarak to mu yoksa for mu kullanacağımızı belirleyen şeyin cümledeki fiilimiz olduğunu unutmayın. Mesela, “Onlara birçok yeni oyuncak alındı” gibi bir cümlede, oyuncakları onlar için alma durumu söz konusu olduğundan for edatını kullanırız.
Bu videoda İngilizce passive cümleler ile ilgili ilk beş sorunun cevabını vermeye çalıştım. Bunu izleyen videomda ise, biraz daha detay içeren sonraki beş soruyu cevaplamaya çalışacağım.
นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูบทความเพิ่มเติมในหมวดหมู่LEARN FOREIGN LANGUAGE
ขอบคุณมากสำหรับการดูหัวข้อโพสต์ the passive voice