[Update] Participles and Gerunds Exercise | gerund and infinitive แบบฝึกหัด – NATAVIGUIDES

State whether the –ing forms given in the following sentences are participles or gerunds. In the case of participles, name the noun or pronoun they qualify. In the case of gerunds, state what function they serve in the sentence.

1.    Hearing a loud noise, we ran to the window.
2.    The motorcyclist was fatally injured in the accident and is now fighting for his life.
3.    He ruined his sight by watching TV all day.
4.    We saw a clown standing on his head.
5.    Asking questions is a whole lot easier than answering them.
6.    Waving their hands, the audience cheered the winner.
7.    Plucking flowers is forbidden.
8.    Jumping over the fence, the thief escaped.
9.    I was surprised at John’s being absent.
10.    We spent the whole day playing cards.
11.    A miser hates spending his money.
12.    John was angry at Alice trying to lie to her.
13.    Praising all alike is praising none.
14.    Are you afraid of speaking the truth?
15.    Singing to herself is her chief delight.

Answers

1.    Hearing – participle, qualifying the pronoun we
2.    Fighting – participle, qualifying the noun motorcyclist.
3.    Watching – gerund, object of the preposition by
4.    Standing – participle, qualifying the noun clown
5.    Asking – gerund, subject of is; answering – gerund
6.    Waving – participle, qualifying the noun audience
7.    Plucking – gerund; subject of the verb is
8.    Jumping – participle, qualifying the noun thief
9.    Being – gerund, object of the participle at
10.    Playing – gerund, complement of the noun whole day
11.    Spending – gerund, object of the verb hates
12.    Trying – gerund, object of the preposition at
13.    Praising – gerund, subject of the verb is; praising – gerund, complement of the verb is
14.    Speaking – gerund, object of the preposition of
15.    Singing – gerund, subject of the verb is

Notes

Both present participles and gerunds end in –ing. But they do not serve the same purposes in a sentence. For example, a gerund is a noun derived from a verb. It can serve the following purposes in a sentence:

As subject of a verb

Smoking is injurious to health.
Trespassing is prohibited.

As object of a transitive verb

I like reading.
She likes singing.

As object of a preposition

I am tired of waiting.

We were stopped from entering the compound.

As complement of a verb

What I most detest is smoking.

A participle is a word which is partly a verb and partly and adjective. Participles are usually used to qualify nouns.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

1) I don’t fancy _________ (go) out tonight. a) to go b) going 2) She avoided _________ (tell) him about her plans. a) to tell b) telling 3) I would like _________ (come) to the party with you. a) to come b) coming 4) He enjoys _________ (have) a bath in the evening. a) to have b) having 5) She kept _________ (talk) during the film. a) to talk b) talking 6) I am learning _________ (speak) English. a) to speak b) speaking 7) Do you mind _________ (give) me a hand? a) to give b) giving 8) She helped me _________ (carry) my suitcases. a) to carry b) carrying 9) I’ve finished _________ (cook). Come and eat! a) to cook b) cooking 10) He decided _________ (study) Biology. a) to study b) studying 11) I dislike _________ (wait). a) to wait b) waiting 12) He asked _________ (come) with us. a) to come b) coming 13) I promise _________ (help) you tomorrow. a) to help b) helping 14) We discussed _________ (go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home. a) to go b) going 15) She agreed _________ (bring) the pudding. a) to bring b) bringing 16) I don’t recommend _________ (take) the bus, it takes forever! a) to take b) taking 17) We hope _________ (visit) Amsterdam next month. a) to visit b) visiting 18) She suggested _________ (go) to the museum. a) to go b) going 19) They plan _________ (start) college in the autumn. a) to start b) starting 20) I don’t want _________ (leave) yet. a) to leave b) leaving 21) Will you two please stop _________ (argue)? I’m trying to work. a) to argue b) arguing 22) It’s Tom’s birthday today. Did you remember _________ (post) his card? a) to post b) posting 23) What do you enjoy _________ (do) in your spare time? a) to do b) doing 24) Terry has decided _________ (look for) a new job. a) to look for b) looking for 25) I offered _________ (help) with the party preparations. a) to help b) helping 26) She misses _________ (go) to the beach at the weekends. a) to go b) going 27) They admitted _________ (steal) the money. a) to steal b) stealing 28) We considered _________ (move) to Spain. a) to move b) moving 29) Finally, I managed _________ (finish) the work. a) to finish b) finishing 30) Unfortunately, we can’t afford _________ (buy) a new car this year. a) to buy b) buying