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[Update] 20+ Gerund Examples – PDF, DOC | gerund – NATAVIGUIDES

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It is true that the English language is a hard subject to study and understand. Contrary to what others believe in, the English language goes beyond the basic subject-verb agreement. Although they are fundamentals of the language, there are still other important and determining aspects that one needs to thoroughly study and clearly understand in order to have a strong and effective command of the language. It is important that you look beyond the surface, and have the curiosity to dig deeper in order for you to discover the wonders of the English language.

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But before you even start on that learning journey, you still need to make sure that you have the basics mastered. This means that in order to understand the complexity and profoundness of the more advanced aspects of the language, you need a strong foundation. You have to be knowledgeable about the about the basics in order for you to easily comprehend the concepts on the other more complicated components of the language.

gerund examples

What Are Gerunds?

The word gerund originated from the Latin word gerundium, from which means to be carried out, with a future passive participle form of gerundive of   which translates to carry, bear. Gerund is defined as a verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. In other languages, specifically Dutch, Italian, or Russian, it is a verbal form that is similar to a present participle, but it functions as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tenses.

Some people call it the -ing form of a verb. However, although it is a verb, it acts as a noun when used in sentences. There is no exception in the form a gerund takes, every verb that ends with -ing is generally a gerund. However, although they have a specific form, it can still get tricky to spot since the present participle form of a verb also ends with -ing. When you master how a gerund is used in a sentence, it will become easier for you to differentiate it from the present participle form of a verb.

Since a gerund often acts as a noun, it takes the place of a noun in a sentence as well, namely as subject, direct object, subject complement, subject of preposition. For example of gerund as a subject: Traveling is a fun experience. Normally, when you make a sentence, you always make sure that the subject of your sentence is noun—a name of person, place, thing, etc. However, like in the example, although a gerund is basically a verb, it acts as a noun; thus, it is grammatically correct to use traveling as a noun in the example.

A gerund can also be used to aptly describe the purpose of something. For example: A vacuum is for cleaning. In this example, the gerund cleaning answers to the question “What is a vacuum for?” in order to accurately describe the purpose of the subject, which is the vacuum in the sentence.     

Gerund Study Sheet Example

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Gerunds Infinitive Test Sheet Example

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Gerunds Study Guide Example

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Gerunds as Subject Worksheet Example

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Difference between Gerunds and Present Participle

As mentioned earlier, a gerund and the present participle of a verb takes similar forms ending in -ing. And this can be confusing to people trying to learn and master the English language. In order to ensure that you make better and grammatically correct sentences, you need to know the difference between the two. You have to be able to pinpoint their differences in order to avoid masking the mistake of using them wrongly in your sentences.

A gerund is a verb that ends with -ing but functions as a noun. On the other hand, the present participle of a verb also ends in -ing but is like a verb or adjective. Therefore, a gerund can be easily spotted in a sentence since it takes the function of a subject. Whereas the present participle functions as the verb that expresses action or an adjective that describes the subject in a sentence.

When a gerund is used on a sentence, it acts as the noun or subject. Therefore, it can be an object, the object of a preposition, or a subject complement. For example:

  1. Eating is fun. (Gerund as subject.)
  2. I love eating. (Gerund as object.)
  3. I pray before eating. (Gerund as object of a preposition.)
  4. One of the basic needs is eating. (Gerund as subject complement.)  

On the other hand, when a verb is used in a present participle, it is a part of a continuous verb tense. Here are some examples:

  1. The man is currently is biking. (Verb tense is in present participle.)    
  2. He was biking yesterday afternoon.  (Verb tense is in past continuous.)
  3. My friends and I are going to be biking tomorrow. (Verb tense is in future continuous.)

Moreover, the present participle of a verb can also be used as an adjective that modifies a noun or pronoun, or follows the be verb. Listed below are some examples:

  1. The challenging obstacle made the people break a sweat. (Adjective+Noun)
  2. People enjoyed the challenging maze. (Adjective+Noun)
  3. The course is challenging. (Be Verb+Adjective)

Brief Gerund Reference Guide Example

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Gerund Phrase Practice Sheet Example

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Gerunds Discussion Guide Example

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Gerund Practice Worksheet Example

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Similarities and Differences of Gerund and Infinitives

Aside from gerunds and present participle, infinitives also cause some confusion. In order to save yourself from committing grammatical mistakes, it is better to get to know the difference between gerunds and infinitives, and how to properly use them in your sentences.

As you know, gerunds are verbs that end with -ing an act as nouns in sentences. On the other hand, infinitive phrases, more commonly referred to as infinitives, are formed with the word to in front of a verb. They share the similarities of being used as subjects in sentences and both can also be used as object of a verb. However, using a gerund or an infinitive will greatly change the meaning of your sentences. Therefore, you should be aware on how to use both of the properly. Although there are similarities, there are also differences between the two, and that is, a gerund can be the object of a preposition; an infinitive cannot.

Some examples of gerunds and infinitives to give you a visual representation of what they look like:

Examples of gerunds

Gerunds are formed with the letters “ing.” For example:

  • Thinking
  • Acting
  • Walking
  • Talking
  • Fishing
  • Caring
  • Writing
  • Listening

Examples of infinitives

Infinitives are prefaced with the word to. For example:

  • To think
  • To act
  • To walk
  • To talk
  • To fish
  • To care
  • To write
  • To listen

Although gerunds and infinitives are very different when it comes to how they are structured, some still find it hard to figure out how to properly use both. Knowing how and when to use a gerund and infinitive will greatly improve your grammar and overall communication skills. With that in mind, a gerund is best used in sentences about actions that are real or complete, or that have been completed. For example:

  • I stopped stressing about the future. (This indicates that stressing is real and it had occurred until it stopped.)
  • I really enjoy lounging at home. (This tells that lounging is a real action and is something the subject likes to do.)

Meanwhile, infinitives are best used in sentences that has actions that are unreal or abstract, or that will occur in the future. Infinitives are also best used to describe the purpose of someone. Remember that an infinitive is formed by preceding a verb with the preposition to (to+verb). Here are some examples:

  • I’d like you to think about something. (To think indicates that the thinking has not happened yet or still about to happen.)
  • I went to the store to buy some groceries. (To buy describes the purpose of the subject going to the store.)

Gerund Guide Example

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Gerund or Infinitive Exercise Sheet Example

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Using Gerunds and Infinitives Guide Example

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Gerund and Infinitives Quiz Sheet Example

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Gerund and Infinitive Study Guide Example

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Rules for Using a Gerund

Gerunds, although they have a unique structure ending in -ing, can still be difficult to understand since present participle and other continuous forms of verbs also end in -ing. However, it is important to note that gerunds are verbs that act as noun in sentence; therefore, they functions as the subject in sentences and not as verbs. On another hand, present participle and other continuous verb forms still act as verbs in sentences. To help you understand the topic better, here are the general rules in using a gerund:

1. The verb becomes the subject of the sentence.

The main characteristic of a gerund is that is acts a noun. Therefore, it automatically is used as the subject of the sentence. This is a gerund’s distinctive characteristic, when you know how to find out what the subject of the sentence is, you will find it easier to figure out if the -ing form of the verb is used as a gerund or just the continuous form of the verb. Here are some examples of gerunds used as the subject of a sentence:

  • Smoking is not allowed.
  • Speaking is not permitted in the library.
  • Spinning is required in ballet.
  • There is no point in talking.
  • Checking should be intensified.
  • Experimenting is fun.
  • There is utter joy in cooking.
  • Snowboarding is a tough sport.
  • Sleeping should be discouraged in the office.
  • Walking can be so tiring sometimes.

2. When the verb comes after a preposition.

When a verb comes after a word that links nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence, a gerund is used. This linking word is called a preposition, and in this rule phrasal verbs are included. Phrasal verbs consist of a main verb together with an adverb or a preposition, or both. Example of phrasal verbs: She has always looked down on me. The example shows no obvious meaning of the individual words themselves, but are interpreted as a whole or group. Here are some examples of gerunds used after a preposition:

  • You should think about changing your hair color.
  • They do their homework without complaining.
  • The artist is interested in painting a new canvas.
  • That kid kept on talking throughout the whole movie!
  • Leonardo DiCaprio worked on improving his attitude.
  • I’m looking forward to seeing you tomorrow.
  • Thank you for buying more classes!
  • You should really think about seeing a doctor.
  • I started packing for my trip.
  • I love planning road trips.

3. Verb turned into gerund, usually after to be…

The to be verb is considered as the most irregular verb in the English language. However, it is important to note that it is used as a linking verb that shows the existence or the condition of the subject. When using a passive voice in your sentences, it can also be used as an auxiliary verb. Here are some forms the verb to be in English:

  • Infinitive – to be
  • Present – am, is, are
  • Past – was, were
  • Present Participle – being
  • Past Participle – been
  • Present Subjunctive – be
  • Past Subjunctive – were
  • Imperative – be

Here are some examples of gerunds used after to be verb:

  • One of the most important decisions we make in our lives is having kids.
  • One of the things mothers always wait for is receiving phone calls from their children.
  • The worst thing about a long-distance relationship is not seeing the other person regularly face-to-face.
  • The best thing about girl’s camp was sleeping under the stars.
  • His only activity was making music.
  • The activity I’ll love most will be zip-lining on Mt. Fuji.
  • She was singing her heart out during the contest.
  • The process of getting a license is exhausting.
  • Do you know why she is crying?
  • He was carrying the weight of the world on his shoulders.

Choosing Gerund or Infinitive Worksheet Example

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Comprehensive Gerund Guide Example

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Gerund or Infinitive Mistakes Exercise Example

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Gerunds and Infinitives Guide and Worksheet Example

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Rules in Using Gerunds and Infinitives

A sentence can either use a gerund or an infinitive, it is only a matter of being able to distinguish how and when to use it appropriately. A sentence using a gerund can be converted in a sentence that uses an infinitive and vice versa; doing this will not change the meaning of the sentence and can still be grammatically correct depending on how you reword it. Therefore, you should be able to know how and when it is most effective to use a gerund or infinitive in your sentence. As a guide, here is a list of rules in using gerunds or infinitives:

1. Gerunds can be used as subject of a sentence.

As you now know, gerunds function as a noun; therefore, it can be used as the subject of a sentence. For example:

  • Walking is good for your health.
  • Smoking destroys your lungs.
  • Driving is a tiresome job.

The gerunds in the examples, written in bold letters, are used as a subject of the sentence. These are sentences that you usually use and hear every day. Look at these examples:

  • To be or not to be—that is the question.”
  • To mourn a mischief that is past and gone is the next way to draw new mischief on.”

These are quotes from William Shakespeare’s literary work. The sentences are formal and poetic. However, if you look at it carefully, the words written in bold letters are infinitives (to + verb) that are used as subjects of each sentence. Therefore, it is possible to use both gerunds and infinitives as subject of a sentence. You only have to pay attention on how they are used to be able to identify how they are used in the sentence.

2. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as objects of a sentence.

It is grammatically correct to say, “I love hiking and I decided to hike today.” However, you may be able to determine that the first sentences uses a gerund as an object and the other uses an infinitive as the object. The only difference from how the sentences are composed is the verb that precedes the object. In the gerund example, the verb is in the present tense (love + hiking), while on the second sentence the verb is in the past tense (decided + hike). But that is not always the case, there can be instances where the past tense of the verb is used when a gerund is used, and the present tense of the verb is used when there is an infinitive. Here are some examples:

Gerund

  • They admitted changing the rules.
  • I advise proceeding with caution.
  • She avoided looking me in the eye.
  • I considered staying silent, but I had to spill the beans.
  • I denied knowing about the confidential files.
  • The course involved writing three short stories.
  • She mentioned seeing my father at the store.
  • I recommend practicing guitar plucking.
  • Don’t risk losing your life!
  • I suggest reading more educational books.

Infinitives 

  • I agreed to go to a club with my friends.
  • The representative decided not to participate in the discussions.
  • Everyone deserves to eat three times a day.
  • I expect to know regularization status by next week.
  • We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.
  • He learned not to distract teachers.
  • She needs to learn how to wash her own clothes.
  • I offered to help my sister with her class project.
  • We planned to watch a movie tonight.
  • My friend promised to go with me find a gown.
  • We seem to have lost our way.
  • I cannot wait to see my cat.
  • I don’t want to go home yet.

3. Infinitives should be used after many adjectives.

When you use an adjective in your sentence to describe something, a verb usually follows. It is grammatically correct to use an infinitive immediately after an adjective. When you use gerunds in this case, your sentence will be grammatically incorrect. Here are some examples:

  • It is not easy to graduate college.
  • It is necessary to speak loudly when talking to elders.
  • It is wonderful to have good friends.

Another to help you remember when to use an infinitive: when an adjective is preceded by the adverb too (too + adjective.) For example:

  • This dress is too big to wear.
  • This car is too expensive to buy.
  • There are too many words to remember.
  • She is too busy to care.
  • It is too much to handle.

The same is true when an adjective together with the adverb enough (adjective + enough) is used in a sentence. Here are a few examples:

  • My child is not tall enough to ride the roller coaster.
  • The course was detailed enough to improve his knowledge about the topic.
  • This cafe is big enough to host a small meeting.
  • The boy is old enough to buy his own drink.
  • The baby is strong enough to walk on their own.

4. When the object of a sentence is a noun or pronoun that refers to a person, only infinitives can be used after a sentence.

In order to remember this rule, you will have to study verbs that take an object and an infinitive. But simply put, when the object of a sentence is a noun or pronoun that refers to a person, not a thing or place, etc., an infinitive can only be used after the object. For example: We asked her not to go. In this example, the object of the verb is the pronoun her that is objective form of the pronoun she referring to a person. Here are some examples to help you understand this rule better:

  • Can I ask you to help me finish my project?
  • I never expected him to become so depressed.
  • Did the company hire you just to sit in your office?
  • I invited a friend to attend a concert.
  • She told the child to stay at home.
  • Please remind me to wash my dirty socks.
  • The test required him to discern the choices carefully.
  • She taught him to follow the rules.
  • Who told you to come here?
  • They urged me to continue my training.
  • I am warning you not to do this!

5. Only gerunds are used after prepositions.

When a sentence uses a preposition to connect nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within the same sentence, a gerund should follow it. For example: I talked her out of resigning from that job. In this example you can clearly see that the gerund resigning immediately follows the preposition of in the sentence. Regardless if a preposition follows a noun, a pronoun, a verb, or an adjective, a gerund must be used after it.

However, the only exemption to this rule is when the but is used as a preposition in a sentence. In that case, but is an equivalent of the preposition except. If “but” or “except” are used like this, they need to be followed by an infinitive:

  • I had no choice but to obey him.
  • Ana made no stops on the way except to get gas.
  • There is nothing left for me to do but to get my purchase and go.
  • He made sure they had nothing left to do but to plead guilty.
  • He was capable of doing everything except to crack funny jokes.

Gerund Phrase Guide Example

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Gerund-Infinitive Quiz Example

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Participles, Gerund, and Infinitives Guide Example

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Gerunds and Infinitives Practice Worksheet Example

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Conclusion

A gerund is simply a verb that ends with -ing, but it functions as a noun when used in a sentence. Unlike other words that ends with -ing, a gerund does not function as a verb. If words ending with -ing are used as a verb in the sentence, those are simply the present participle or continuous form of the verb. If you know how to clearly distinguish how words function in sentences, it will be easier for you to know which are gerunds and which are not.

Knowing others aspects and components of the English language will help you make better sentences and can help you develop better overall communication skills. We hope you find this article insightful and informative.

[NEW] Cách dùng Danh Động từ (gerund and infinitive) trong tiếng Anh chi tiết | gerund – NATAVIGUIDES

Gerund (Danh động từ) và Infinitive (Động từ nguyên mẫu) được dùng phổ biến trong các bài thi Tiếng Anh và cả trong giao tiếp. Đây là 2 thứ khiến bạn bối rối khi sử dụng bởi sự phức tạp về nghĩa của chúng. Hôm nay, TuhocIELTS sẽ giúp các bạn không còn thấy sợ hãi khi bắt gặp Gerund và Infinitive trong bài thi nữa. Nào! Hãy cùng xem hết bài viết này nha… Let’s go.

Xem thêm: Tài liệu ngữ pháp tiếng Anh ôn thi TOEIC

Gerund and Infinitive

Tổng hợp tất cả về danh động từ trong tiếng Anh: Khái niệm, vị trí, phân loại và cách sử dụng danh động từ giúp bạn hệ thống lại kiến thức ngữ pháp một cách đầy đủ và chi tiết nhất.

Gerund ( Danh động từ ) là một phần kiến thức quan trọng trong tiếng Anh. Đây là mục ngữ pháp rất quan trong trong những bài thi về TOEIC, IELTS, TOEFL và cả trong giao tiếp tiếng Anh nữa. Nhưng để hiểu và sử dụng chuẩn những danh động từ đòi hỏi chúng ta phải biết sử dụng chúng trong các trường hợp cụ thể. Hôm nay, hãy cùng VOCA tìm hiểu về danh động từ và cách sử dụng danh động từ trong tiếng Anh nhé.

I. Gerund

gerund-la-giGerund là gì?

1. Gerund là gì ?

Danh động từ ( Gerund ) là danh từ được hình thành bằng cách thêm đuôi ing vào động từ.

=> GERUND Là một DANH TỪ được cấu thành từ một ĐỘNG TỪ thêm “ING”.

  • Eg: coming, building, teaching…

Phủ định của danh động từ được hình thành bằng cách thêm not vào trước V-ing.

  • Eg: not making, not opening…

Cũng có thể thêm tính từ sở hữu vào trước danh động từ để nói rõ chủ thể thực hiện hành động.

  • Eg: my turning on the air conditioner.

Ví dụ:

  • go =>>going
  • play =>> playing
  • sleep =>> sleeping
  • do =>> doing

CHỨC NĂNG CỦA DANH ĐỘNG TỪ

a. Dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu.

Eg:

  • Swimming is good for health.
    Bơi lội rất tốt cho sức khoẻ.
b. Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho động từ

Eg:

  • Her favorite hobby is collecting stamps.
    Sở thích của cô ấy là sưu tầm tem.
c. Dùng làm tân ngữ của động từ
Eg:
  • She likes cooking.
    Cô ấy thích nấu ăn.
d. Dùng sau giới từ (on, in, by, at…) và liên từ (after, before, when, while…)

Eg:

  •  He cleaned his room before going out with his friends.
    Anh ấy đã dọn dẹp phòng trước khi đi ra ngoài với bạn bè.

Tuy nhiên trong quá trình làm bài, các bạn thường hay nhầm lẫn hoặc nhớ không chuẩn cách sử dụng danh động từ. Dưới đây là liệt kê danh sách:

a. Các động từ theo sau bởi V-ing ( danh động từ )

Anticipate: đoán trướcAppreciate: hoan nghênhAvoid: tránhConsider: xem xétDeny: từ chốidelay: trì hoãnDetest: ghê tởmDislike: không thíchEnjoy: thích thúEscape: trốn khỏiSuggest: đề nghịFinish: hoàn tấtForgive: tha thứInvolve: có ý địnhKeep: tiếp tụcMiss: bỏ lỡPostpone: trì hoãnPrevent: ngăn chặnStop: dừng … 

Note: appreciate đòi hỏi phải có một tính từ sở hữu hoặc danh động từ

  • I appreciate your giving me so much of your time.
  • I appreciate being given this opportunity.
 b. Danh động từ đứng sau cụm động từ, thành ngữ…

Can’t help/ can’t bear/ can’t stand: không thể chịu đựng nổiIt’s (not) worth: (không) đáng giáIt’s no use: thật vô dụngIt’s no good: vô íchThere’s no point in: Chẳng có lý do gì/ lợi gìHave difficulty (in): Có khó khăn trong vấn đề gìA waste of money/ time: tốn tiền/ mất thời gianBe busy (with): bận rộn với cái gìLook forward to: trông mong, chờ đợiBe (get) used to: quen với cái gìObject to: phản đốiConfess to: thú tội, nhận tội

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c. Sau V + preposition, Adj + preposition hoặc Noun + preposition là V-ing.

Accuse of (tố cáo)Suspect of (nghi ngờ)be fond of (thích)be interested in (thích thú, quan tâm)choice of (lựa chọn)reason for (lý do về)…

d. Những động từ sau đây theo sau là to V hoặc V-ing mà nghĩa không thay đổi: begin, like, can’t stand, love, continue, prefer, start, hate, dread.

Eg:

  • Mary prefers singing to dancing
    Mary thích hát hơn khiêu vũ

2. Khi nào sử dụng Gerund?

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng Gerund khi:

  • Nó đóng vai trò là Chủ ngữ (Subject) trong câu.
  • Nó đóng vai trò là Bổ ngữ (Complement) trong câu.
  • Nó đóng vai trò là Tân ngữ (Object) trong câu.

Khi Gerund đóng vai trò là Chủ ngữ (Subject) trong câu

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những danh động từ với chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • Jogging is good for your healthy. (Đi bộ tốt cho sức khoẻ)
  • Listening is my best skill. (Nghe là kỹ năng tốt nhất của tôi)
  • Loving you is all I want to do. (Yêu anh là tất cả những gì em muốn làm)

Khi Gerund đóng vai trò là Bổ ngữ (Complement) trong câu

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những danh động từ với chức năng là bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • My favourite sport is swimming. (môn thể thao yêu thích của tôi là bơi)
  • The most important thing is learning.  (Điều quan trọng nhất là việc học tập)

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những danh động từ với chức năng là bổ ngữ của tân ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • I saw him climbing a tree (Tôi thấy cậu ấy trèo cây)
  • I like her singing the song. (Tôi thích nghe cô ấy hát)

Xem thêm các bài viết:

Khi Gerund đóng vai trò là Tân ngữ (Object) trong câu.

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những danh động từ với chức năng là tân ngữ trực tiếp trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • I like watching TV. (Tôi thích xem TV)
  • He admitted cheating on the test. (Anh ấy thừa nhận đã gian lận trong kiểm tra)

Gerund đóng vai trò là tân ngữ trực tiếp sau các động từ sau đây: admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate.

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những danh động từ với chức năng là tân ngữ của giới từ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • I have no interest in reading. ( Tôi không có hứng thú trong việc đọc sách)
  • He dreams of being a doctor. (Anh đấy ước mơ thành bác sĩ)

Các hình thức của Gerund khi đóng vai trò là tân ngữ của giới từ trong câu:

Danh từ (noun) + Giới từ (preposition) + Danh động từ (Gerund) Tính từ (adjective) + Giới từ (preposition) + Danh động từ (Gerund) Động từ (verb) + Giới từ (preposition) + Danh động từ (Gerund).

Gerund khi sử dụng trong câu phủ định

Phủ định của Gerund được hình thành bằng cách thêm not trước V-ing.

Ví dụ:

My grandparents have retired and enjoy not working. (Ông bà của tôi đã nghỉ hưu và không muốn làm việc nữa)

II. Infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu)

infinitive-la-giInfinitive là gì?

1. Infinitives Verb là gì?

Infinitives là hình thức động từ nguyên mẫu. Trong tiếng Anh, nó được chia làm 2 dạng:

  • Động từ nguyên mẫu có “To”
  • Động từ nguyên mẫu không “To”

2. Khi nào dùng To-infinitive?

To-infinitive có thể đóng vai trò như

  • Chủ ngữ trong câu
  • Tân ngữ trong câu
  • Bổ ngữ trong câu

Chủ ngữ trong câu.

Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những Infinitives với chức năng là chủ ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • To become a singer is her childhood dream. (Trở thành ca sĩ là ước mơ của cô ấy khi còn nhỏ)
  • To pass the exam is my goal. (Mục tiêu của tôi là vượt qua bài thi)

Tân ngữ trong câu.

 Các từ tô đậm trong những câu dưới đây là những Infinitives với chức năng là tân ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

  • It’s good to talk. (Thật tốt khi nói chuyện)
  • She decided to stay here.  (Cô ấy đã quyết định ở lại đây)

To-Infinitive đóng vai trò là tân ngữ trực tiếp sau các động từ sau đây: afford, agree, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, seem, swear, tend, threaten, vow, wait, want, wish, would like, yearn, urge.

Bổ ngữ trong câu.

Các từ tô đậm trong câu dưới đây là danh động từ với chức năng là bổ ngữ trong câu.

Ví dụ:

What you have to do is to work harder. (Điều bạn phải làm là chăm chỉ làm việc hơn)

3. Khi nào dùng bare infinitives verb

Bare infinitives đứng sau:

  • Các động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verbs)
  • Một số động từ hoặc cụm động từ cụ thể

Trong câu có các động từ khiếm khuyết

Các từ tô đậm trong câu dưới đây là động từ nguyên mẫu không “to” khi đứng đằng sau động từ khiếm khuyết.

Ví dụ:

  • I can do it. (Tôi có thể làm được)
  • You should go to bed early. (Con nên ngủ sớm đi)

Trong câu có các động từ / cụm động từ cụ thể

Sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu đằng sau các động từ: let, make, help, see, hear, feel, watch, notice + tân ngữ.

Ví dụ:

  • My teacher made me study so hard. (Giáo viên của tôi bắt chúng tôi học quá nhiều)
  • I saw my friend be at shopping mall yesterday. (Tôi đã nhìn thấy bạn của tôi trong một trung tâm mua sắm vào ngày hôm qua)

Sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu đằng sau các cụm động từ: had better, would rather, had sooner.

Ví dụ:

  • He had better wake up earlier. (Anh ấy nên dậy sớm hơn)
  • My son would rather STAY home. (Con trai tôi thích ở nhà hơn)

Sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu với WHY, WHY NOT

Ví dụ:

  • Why wait until tomorrow?  (Tại sao phải chờ đến sáng mai?)
  • Why not BUY new books?  (Tại sao không mua sách mới đi?)

III. Một số trường hợp cần lưu ý với gerund và infinitives

Advise, Recommend, Allow, Permit, Encourage, Require + Object + To-infinitive = Advise, Recommend, Allow, Permit, Encourage, Require + V-ing

Ví dụ:

  • My teacher allows us to take a break = My teacher allows TAKING a break. (Giáo viên cho phép chúng tôi nghỉ giải lao)
  • They do not permit us TO SMOKE here = They do not permit SMOKING here.  (Họ không cho phép chúng tôi hút ở đây)

Forget/Remember

  • Forget/Remember + to-infinitive khi diễn tả 1 hành động trong tương lai.

Ví dụ:

Remember to call me tomorrow.  (Nhớ gọi tôi ngày mai nhé)

  • Forget/Remember + V-ing khi diễn tả 1 hành động đã xảy ra.

Ví dụ:

I remembered calling him yesterday. (Tôi nhớ là đã gọi anh ấy hôm qua)

Stop

Stop + to-infinitive nghĩa là ngừng lại để làm việc khác

Ví dụ:

I stop to work to go home. (Tôi ngừng làm việc để đi về nhà)

Stop + V-ing mang nghĩa là ngừng làm việc đó hẳn

Ví dụ:

I stop working because I’m tired.  (Tôi nghỉ làm vì tôi đã mệt mỏi rồi)

Xem thêm các bài viết đang được quan tâm:

Try

Try + to-infinitive mang nghĩa nỗ lực làm điều gì đó

Ví dụ:

I try to learn better. (Tôi cố gắng học tốt hơn)

Try + V-ing mang nghĩa thử nghiệm làm gì đó

Ví dụ:

I try smoking. (Tôi thử hút thuốc)

Mean

Mean + to-infinitive để chỉ một dự định

Ví dụ:

I try to go earlier.  (Tôi dự định đi sớm hơn)

Mean + V-ing chỉ sự liên quan / hoặc 1 kết quả

Ví dụ:

This new order will mean working overtime.  (Mệnh lệnh mới này có nghĩa là phải làm thêm giờ)

Need

Need + to-infinitive mang ý nghĩa chủ động

Ví dụ:

You need to work harder.  (Bạn cần làm việc chăm chỉ hơn)

Need + V-ing mang ý nghĩa bị động

Ví dụ:

Every things need doing with care.  (Mọi thứ cần được làm thật cẩn thận)

Begin, start, like, love, hate, continue, cannot/could not bear

Các động từ này có thể được theo sau bởi To-infinitive hoặc V-ing mà không thay đổi về nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

  • They like playing games = They like to play games.
  • I love singing = I love to sing

Gerund và Infinitive tuy là phần khó nhưng nếu chăm chỉ luyện tập thì nó sẽ không là trở ngại gì với các bạn. Hãy nhớ làm bài tập thường xuyên và cố gắng sử dụng Gerund – Infinitive trong giao tiếp một cách nhiều nhất có thể để ghi nhớ lâu hơn nhé. Hy vọng bài viết này của TuhocIELTS sẽ hữu ích với các bạn. Chúc các bạn học tập vui vẻ. Mãi yêu.

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Test Your English – Gerunds \u0026 Infinitives – QUIZ


Test Your English! 16 mixed fill in the blanks / gap fill quiz (gerunds \u0026 infinitives), elementary to intermediate level (with answers).
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Test Your English - Gerunds \u0026 Infinitives - QUIZ

Unit 39: Gerund – Danh động từ


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Unit 39: Gerund - Danh động từ

English Grammar | GERUNDS in 5 simple steps


English Grammar | Gerunds | ING form
Today it’s all about GERUNDS! Boost your English grammar by learning easy and simple rules! Understand WHY we use gerunds, and how to apply them in your daytoday life.
UPDATE: I am working on changing my website so you may not be able to get the list of gerunds I mention in this videos. But, here it is….
1. AVOID – I avoid eating too much sugar.
2. CAN’T BEAR – I can’t bear sitting in the sun
3. CAN’T HELP I can’t help thinking about him.
4. CAN’T STAND – I can’t stand waiting in lines.
5. CELEBRATE – We celebrated passing our exams.
6. CONSIDER – I’m considering quitting my job.
7. CONTEMPLATE – I’m contemplating getting a tattoo.
8. DEFER – We deferred making payments for another month.
9. DELAY – I delayed going to university until I was 20.
10. DISCUSS – We discussed expanding the business.
11. DISLIKE – I dislike showering before bed. I prefer showering in the morning.
12. DREAD – I’m dreading seeing my dentist later.
13. ENCOURAGE – Doctors encourage eating healthily.
14. ENJOY – I enjoy drinking white wine.
15. ENTAIL – My job entails traveling to the Middle East.
16. ESCAPE – The criminal managed to escape being captured.
17. FINISH – We finished repainting the guest room.
18. IMAGINE – Imagine lying on the beach under the sun.
19. INVOLVE – Writing a blog involves thinking of new ideas constantly.
20. KEEP – Yes, you can keep using my pen.
21. MENTION – She mentioned leaving work early.
22. DON’T MIND – I don’t mind sitting in the back row.
23. MISS – I miss living with my parents.
24. POSTPONE – We postponed having the meeting until Tuesday
25. PRACTICE – I practice writing Chinese characters every day.
26. QUIT – I quit smoking.
27. REMEMBER – I remember drinking a lot of orange juice when I was pregnant.
28. RESENT – He resents paying his exwife every month.
29. RESIST – I can only resist eating chocolate for so many days.
30. SUGGEST – I suggest seeing a doctor.
31. TRY – We tried opening the door, but it was locked.
32. UNDERSTAND – I understand feeling lonely during the lockdown.
can also be followed by an infinitive
Some common verbs such as ‘like, love, hate’ can also be followed by a gerund. But, they can also be followed by an infinitive with a slight change in meaning. This is why they are not included in this list.
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English Grammar | GERUNDS in 5 simple steps

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