[NEW] What Are Participle Phrases? | participle – NATAVIGUIDES

What Are Participle Phrases? (with Examples)

A participle phrase is an

Examples of Participle Phrases

In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.

(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)

• Peering over the top of his glasses

  , her tutor shook his head.

(The participle phrase describes “her tutor.”)

• Cracked from top to bottom

  , the mirror was now ruined.

(The participle phrase describes “the mirror.”)

• Look at the panther

  climbing the tree

  .

(The participle phrase describes “the panther.”)

• Sebastian reached across for the pipe,

  signalling his agreement with the chief’s proposal

  .

(The participle phrase describes “Sebastian.”)

A Participle Phrase Can Start with a Past Participle or a Present Participle

Here is a quick revision about

• Present Participles (ending “-ing”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
• The rising tide
• Past Participles (usually ending “-ed,” “-d,” “-t,” “-en,” or “-n”). Here is an example of one as an adjective:
• The risen cake

Read more about participles.

More Examples of Participle Phrases

In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)

The VerbThe Present ParticipleThe Past ParticipleExample of a Participle Phrase

To risethe rising sunthe risen sun

Rising out of the sea in front of us

, the sun started to warm our faces.

To printthe printing documentthe printed document

Printed on the very first press

, the document was extremely valuable.

To breakthe breaking newsthe broken news

Broken by a government whistle-blower

, the news is all over the media.

Perfect Participles

Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:

“Having” + [past participle]

Examples:

• Having seen
• Having taken
• Having read

These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.

Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):

• Having read your book

  , I now understand your position.

• Having signed the document

  , Jason felt the weight of responsibility lift from his shoulders.

Why Should I Care about Participle Phrases?

Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.

So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.

(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)

(Reason 1) Use a participle phrase to say two or more things about your subject tidily.

A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.

• Communicating well upwards, downwards and laterally

  , John has managed expectations across the program and ensured that all projects remain oriented towards the program objective.

(The participle-phrase-upfront structure has allowed three observations about John to be shoehorned into one sentence.)

• Having displayed a cooperative spirit from the outset

  , John has become a role model for those seeking to share research ideas and techniques.

(Here, it has allowed two observations about John to be recorded in a chronologically tidy way.)

Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.

(Reason 2) Punctuate your participle phrases correctly.

Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.

(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.

• Removing his glasses

  , the professor shook his head with disappointment.

(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.

• Scandal is gossip

  made tedious by morality

  . (Playwright Oscar Wilde)

However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)

• The yellow Ferrari,

  unregistered in the UK and probably stolen in France

  , was used as the get-away car.

Read more about this issue on the page about restrictive (or essential) modifiers.

(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left.

• The boys loved their boxing gloves,

  wearing them even to bed

  .

(Reason 3) Avoid dangling modifiers, especially when using fronted participle phrases.

• Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

  , the malaria diagnosis came as a shock.

(The shaded text is a participle phrase headed by a perfect participle. It’s meant to be an adjective to a noun (or a pronoun), but that noun doesn’t feature in the sentence. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

• Overcome by emotion

  , the whole speech was delivered in two- and three-word bursts.

(The shaded participle phrase is meant to be an adjective to a noun, but the noun is missing. That’s why nothing is underlined.)

To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.

• Having taken the antimalarial tablets religiously

  , Sarah was shocked by the malaria diagnosis.

• Overcome by emotion

  , he delivered the whole speech in two- and three-word bursts.

Read more about dangling modifiers.

(Reason 4) Avoid misplaced modifiers when using participle phrases.

With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a

• The meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles,

  scurrying from burrow to burrow

  .

(This is not wrong technically (see Reason 2: Guideline 3 above), but it is clumsy and potentially ambiguous – if you knew nothing about meerkats or eagles. Note also that if the comma were missing, this sentence would definitely be wrong because it would mean “the eagles that are scurrying from burrow to burrow” (see Reason 2: Guideline 2 above).)

• Tattered but not ripped

  , Lee handed the ticket to the doorman.

(This is clumsy and potentially ambiguous.)

• Tim saw David Attenborough,

  filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet

  .

(This is clumsy. There are better ways to avoid ambiguity than relying on that comma.)

The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.

• Scurrying from burrow to burrow, the meerkats are acutely aware of the eagles.

  from burrow to burrow,are acutely aware of the eagles.

• Lee handed the ticket,

  tattered but not ripped

  , to the doorman.

• When he was filming the leatherback turtles for Blue Planet, Tim saw David Attenborough.

(Rewording your sentence is often a good idea.)

Read more about misplaced modifiers.

Key Points

• Use a participle phrase to say something about your subject before you’ve even mentioned your subject. That’s cool. For example:

• Packed with vitamin C and antioxidants

  , oranges are a popular fruit.

• Placed at the front of a sentence

  , a participle phrase is offset with a comma.

• A participle phrase

  placed immediately after the noun its modifying

  is not offset with commas (unless it’s nonessential).

• Put your participle phrase next to its noun. If there isn’t a noun, you’re dangling (and that’s never good).

• Having read your letter

  , my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

• Having read your letter

  , I can assure you that my cat could not have fathered your kittens.

Ready for the Test?

Here is a confirmatory test for this lesson.

This test can also be:

• Edited (i.e., you can delete questions and play with the order of the questions).
• Printed to create a handout.
• Sent electronically to friends or students.

Here is afor this lesson.This test can also be:

A participle phrase is an adjective phrase headed by a participle In each of these examples, the participle phrase is shaded and the participle is in bold.(Remember that participle phrases function as adjectives.)Here is a quick revision about participles . Remember that a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. There are two types of participles:In each row in the table below, there is an example of a present participle being used as an adjective, a past participle being used as an adjective, and then one of those participles being used in a participle phrase. (As before, the participle phrases are shaded, and the participles are in bold.)Also, keep an eye out for participle phrases headed by “perfect participles.” Perfect participles are formed like this:Examples:These are not a third type of participle. The perfect participle is just a commonly used structure that features a present participle (“having”) and a past participle.Here are some more examples of perfect participles (shaded):Participle phrases might seem complicated, but it is worth learning about them because they can be used to create a highly efficient sentence structure (see Reason 1) as well as being linked to some common writing errors.So, here are four good reasons to think about participle phrases a little more clearly.(In all of these examples, the participle phrases are shaded, the head participles are in bold, and the nouns being modified are underlined.)A fronted participle phrase can be used to create a sentence structure that lets you to say two or more things about a subject efficiently.Don’t write every sentence in this style, but the odd one will give your text variety and help you to cram more information into fewer sentences. This structure is particularly useful when writing personal appraisals.Here are some general guidelines to help with correctly placing and punctuating a participle phrase.(Guideline 1) When a participle phrase is at the front of a sentence, offset it with a comma and put the noun being modified immediately after the comma.(Guideline 2) When a participle phrase follows the noun it’s modifying, don’t use a comma.However, if the participle phrase is nonessential (i.e., you could delete it or put it in brackets), then offset with a comma (or two commas if it’s mid-sentence). (You could also use dashes or brackets.)(Guideline 3) When a participle phrase is at the end of your sentence and not immediately after its noun, offset it with a comma to help show that it’s not modifying whatever is to its left. Dangling modifiers are most commonly seen in sentences starting with participle phrases. (A dangling modifier is an error caused by failing to use the word that the modifier is meant to be modifying.)To avoid a dangling modifier, assume that any participle phrase you put at the start of a sentence is “dangling” (i.e., isn’t modifying anything) until you’ve written the noun (or pronoun) it is modifying.With a dangling modifier, the noun being modified is missing. With a misplaced modifier , the noun being modified is too far away. To avoid a misplaced modifier, make sure it’s obvious which noun (or pronoun) your participle phrase is modifying. Often, context will tell your readers which noun the modifier belongs to, but a misplaced modifier will – at the very least – cause a reading stutter and portray you as a clumsy writer. Sometimes, a misplaced modifier can lead to your sentence being ambiguous.The best way to avoid a misplaced modifier with a participle phrase is to put it next to the noun it’s modifying. Let’s fix the examples above.

Những điều cần biết về phân từ- Participles.

 

Trong bài này, trung tâm Anh ngữ Oxford English UK Vietnam xin giới thiệu với các bạn một số kiến thức cơ bản về phân từ .

1. Định nghĩa về phân từ ( Phân động từ – Participles )

 

Phân động từ là từ do động từ tạo ra và nó có đặc tính như một tính từ. 

Phân từ gồm 2 loại: Hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ.
– Hiện tại phân từ chính là động từ thêm đuôi ”-ing”. Hiện tại phân từ còn được gọi là danh động từ, được thành lập bằng cách thêm ”-ing” vào sau động từ.
– Quá khứ phân từ hay còn gọi là  phân từ hai của động từ, có dạng ”V-ed” (đối với các động từ có quy tắc) và các động từ nằm ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng liệt kê các động từ bất quy tắc.

2. Các dạng của Phân động từ: ACTIVE (Chủ động) & PASSIVE (Bị động)

Các dạng của Phân động từ:

 

ACTIVE

(Chủ động)

PASSIVE

(Bị động)

a/ PRESENT …..

writing

being written

b/ PAST …..

writing

written

c/ PERFECT …..

having written

having been written

 

a/ Hiện tại phân từ: V-ing + phân từ: Tức là động từ thêm đuôi ING vào cuối

b/ Quá phân từ : Mà được tạo thành bằng cách thêm ED vào sau Động từ thường, còn Những động từ Bất qui tắc thì phải học thuộc lòng, và Cột cuối cùng là Past Particple (PP hay P2). IRREGULAR VEBS – (Động từ bất quy tắc)

3. Theo luật chung:

3.1. Present Participle (Phân từ thời hiện tại):

Cách dùng của hiện tại phân từ:

• Dùng trong các thì tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định như thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, tương lai tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn và tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn. học tiếng anh online
• Dùng như  bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ. Trong tiếng Anh, những câu dạng S + Be + complement thì ”complement” ở đây được gọi là bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ.
• Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.

Hiện tại phân từ của động từ đều tận cùng bằng (+ING) visiting, going, ending, walking, …

a. Nếu động từ có E câm ở cuối , ta bỏ E đi rồi mới thêm ING: write-writing

b. Nếu động từ ở cuối có phụ âm, và trước phụ âm mà có một nguyên âm, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm rồi mới thêm ING: cut – cutting, run – running

c. Nếu động từ có IE ở cuối , ta đổi IE thành Y rồi mới thêm ING: tie – tying, die – dying, lie – lying

3.2 Về

quá khứ phân từ

:

Cách dùng quá khứ phân từ:

• Dùng trong các thì hoàn thành như hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ hoàn thành, tương lại hoàn thành.
• Dùng như tính từ trong câu.
• Dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn. 

3.2.2: Có quy tắc (Regular verbs).

a. Nếu động từ có E câm ở cuối, ta bỏ E đi rồi mới thêm -ING: invite – invited, smile – smiled

b. Nếu động từ ở cuối có phụ âm, và trước phụ âm mà có một nguyên âm , ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm rồi mới thêm ING: rub – rubbed, stop – stopped

c. Nếu động từ có kết thúc Y, ta đổi Y thành IE rồi mới thêm ED, Vd: study – studied. carry – carried

3.2.3: Bất quy tắc (Irregular verbs).

Xem Bảng Động từ bất quy tắc

4. Phân động tự có thể dùng làm tính từ thực sự

Ví dụ: Working woman (người phụ nữ đang làm việc) Sleeping child (đứa bé đang ngủ) Broken glass (cái ly vỡ)

5. Trạng từ có gốc từ Phân động từ:

a. Thêm LY thì thành trạng từ :

mockingly (một cách chế nhạo). undoubtedly ( một cách chắc chắn – không nghi ngờ).

b. Chia ở lối so sánh sẽ giống như các tính từ có nhiều âm tiết (đa âm), bằng cách thêm MORE và MOST.

Ví dụ: It is difficult to find a more charming partner. He is considered the most admired person of those.

c. Dùng làm danh từ khi có mạo từ “THE” đứng trước.

Ví dụ: He is not more among the living. It was very difficult to find him among the wounded at the battlefield.

6. Phân động từ dùng để:

a. Động từ tiếp diễn sau “TO BE”.

b. Dùng sau động từ về tri giác như: see, hear, feel, etc… thay cho infinitive để chỉ việc đang diễn tiếp.
 Ví dụ: Do you hear her calling? Did you see the girls walking in the park? I saw them walking in the park very late last night.

c. Chỉ một việc đồng thời xảy ra với động từ chính:
Ví dụ: He came running to see his close girlfriend. Step by step, they followed dancing.

d. Chỉ một việc cùng xảy ra hoặc ngay trước việc khác
Ví dụ: He came to visit her, bringing his son with him. Hearing the noise outside, we rush out of the room at once.

7. Phân động từ có thể dùng làm tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ấy.
Ví dụ: The boy wearing the blue jeans is his son. Taking morning exercise everyday, you can improve your health. Having been built, the ship was checked carefully.

8. Không dùng Phân động từ làm động từ:
Ví dụ:

He typed a letter. (sai) He has typed a letter. (đúng)

The children going downstairs. (sai) The children are going downstairs. (đúng)

Để tham khảo các khóa học và biết thêm thông tin chi tiết hãy liên hệ với chúng tôi:

 

 

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