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[NEW] Reporting Verbs | reported speech คือ pdf – NATAVIGUIDES

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Reporting Verbs

Download this explanation in PDF here.
Try an exercise about reporting verbs here.

In the page about

Some of these verbs look a bit more complicated to use than ‘say’ and ‘tell’, but it’s just a question of getting to know the verb patterns (or verb structures).

(As I’m sure you know, we can often choose if we want to use ‘that’ or not in English. I’ve put it in brackets () to show that it’s optional. The meaning is exactly the same if you use ‘that’ or if you don’t use ‘that’.)

1: SAY

Let’s look first at the verbs we’ve already talked about. The basic verb pattern for using ‘say’ for reported speech is:

say + (that) + clause

  • She said (that) she had already eaten.

(The direct speech for this is “I’ve already eaten”.)

2: TELL

On the other hand, with ‘tell’ we need to use an object, a person who we tell the information to.

tell + someone + (that) + clause

  • I told John (that) I had seen the new film.

(The direct speech for this is “I’ve seen the new film”.)

When we are reporting orders, we can also use another pattern with ‘tell’:

tell + someone + to + infinitive

  • She told the children to go to bed.

3: ASK

We use ‘ask’ to report questions or requests. For questions we use the pattern:

ask + someone + if / question word + clause

  • I asked my boss if I could leave early.
  • She asked them where the station was.

For requests we use the pattern:

ask + someone + to + infinitive

  • I asked Lucy to pass me the salt.

(Remember, my first two examples with ‘ask’ are no longer real questions, so we use the normal sentence word order. We don’t use inversion. We say ‘she asked them where the station was’, NOT ‘she asked them where was the station’. You can read more about this on my page about

Other reporting verbs follow a variety of patterns. I’m afraid there aren’t any rules about which verbs follow which patterns. You need to learn each one.

4: ADVISE*

(= Give someone advice. Notice the different spelling for the verb and the noun.)

Advise + someone + to + infinitive

  • She advised him to see a doctor.

Advise + (that) + clause

  • The staff advise that you carry water at all times.

Advise + against + verb-ing

  • I’d advise against leaving early.

5: AGREE

Agree + to + infinitive

  • We agreed to meet the following day.

Agree + (that) + clause

  • I agreed that the children could do their homework later.

6: APOLOGISE

Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing

  • They apologised to us for being late.
  • She apologised for forgetting the book.

Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun

  • She apologised for the delay.

7: DECIDE

Decide + to + infinitive

  • They decided to go to the cinema.

Decide + (that) + clause

  • They decided that they would go to the cinema.

8: ENCOURAGE

Encourage + someone + to + infinitive

  • She encouraged him to take the exam again.
  • The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions.

9: EXPLAIN

Explain + (that) + clause

  • The teacher explained that the course was finished.

Explain + noun + to + someone

  • She explained the grammar to the students.

NOT: She explained me the grammar.

Explain + question word + to + infinitive

  • They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.
  • John explained where to find the restaurant.

Explain + question word + clause

  • We explained what the exams would cover.

10: INSIST*

Insist + on + verb-ing

  • He insisted on paying.

Insist + (that) + clause

  • He insisted that we sit down.

11: PROMISE

Promise + to + infinitive

  • He promised to arrive early.

Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause

  • I promised him that I wouldn’t do it again.

12: RECOMMEND*

Recommend + verb-ing

  • I recommend visiting the British Museum while you’re in London.

Recommend + (that) + clause

  • I recommend that you visit the British Museum

13: REMIND

Remind + someone + to + infinitive

  • She reminded him to take his keys.

Remind + someone + (that) + clause

  • They reminded me that there is a party tonight.

14: SUGGEST*

Suggest + verb-ing

  • I suggest leaving soon

Suggest + (that) + clause

  • I suggest that you come as soon as you can.

NOT: I suggest him to come.

15: WARN

Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive

  • I warned them not to go in the water.

Warn + someone + about + something

  • She warned us about the dangerous roads.

Negatives

To make the verbs that we have reported negative, we need to look at the verb pattern:

  • When there’s a clause, we make the negative in the usual way: She said that she didn’t like ice cream.
  • When there’s ‘to + infinitive’, we generally put ‘not’ before ‘to’: He promised not to do it again.
  • When there’s ‘verb-ing’, we generally put ‘not’ in front of it: I advise not taking the bus.

Try an exercise about reporting verbs here.

* Advanced Point
In formal English, some verbs that are followed by ‘(that) + clause’ use the infinitive instead of a present tense verb. Some people suggest that this is a kind of subjunctive in English. You only need to worry about this in very formal writing.

Mostly, this doesn’t make a difference, because the present simple form in English is often the same as the infinitive form. But when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ or when the verb is ‘be’, we can see it clearly.

  • I advise that he go to bed early. (Normally we’d expect: I advise that he goes to bed early.)
  • I insist that she come now. (Normally we’d expect: I insist that she comes now.)
  • They suggested that the cats be put in the garden for the night. (Normally we’d expect: They suggested that the cats are put in the garden for the night.)

In the page about reported speech , we talked about how to change direct speech (“I love coffee”) into reported speech (Seonaid said that she loved coffee), using the verbs ‘say’, ‘tell’ and ‘ask’. However, we can also use many other verbs to report what someone said, like ‘promise’, ‘warn’, ‘advise’ and ‘recommend’.Some of these verbs look a bit more complicated to use than ‘say’ and ‘tell’, but it’s just a question of getting to know the verb patterns (or verb structures).(As I’m sure you know, we can often choose if we want to use ‘that’ or not in English. I’ve put it in brackets () to show that it’s optional. The meaning is exactly the same if you use ‘that’ or if you don’t use ‘that’.)Let’s look first at the verbs we’ve already talked about. The basic verb pattern for using ‘say’ for reported speech is:(The direct speech for this is “I’ve already eaten”.)On the other hand, with ‘tell’ we need to use an object, a person who we tell the information to. See also my page about the difference between ‘say’ and ‘tell’ here. (The direct speech for this is “I’ve seen the new film”.)When we are reporting orders, we can also use another pattern with ‘tell’:We use ‘ask’ to report questions or requests. For questions we use the pattern:For requests we use the pattern:(Remember, my first two examples with ‘ask’ are no longer real questions, so we use the normal sentence word order. We don’t use inversion. We say ‘she asked them where the station was’, NOT. You can read more about this on my page about indirect questions and on my page about reported speech .)Other reporting verbs follow a variety of patterns. I’m afraid there aren’t any rules about which verbs follow which patterns. You need to learn each one.(= Give someone advice. Notice the different spelling for the verb and the noun.)NOT:NOT:To make the verbs that we have reported negative, we need to look at the verb pattern:In formal English, some verbs that are followed by ‘(that) + clause’ use the infinitive instead of a present tense verb. Some people suggest that this is a kind of subjunctive in English. You only need to worry about this in very formal writing.Mostly, this doesn’t make a difference, because the present simple form in English is often the same as the infinitive form. But when the subject is ‘he’, ‘she’ or ‘it’ or when the verb is ‘be’, we can see it clearly.

Need more practice? Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses.

[Update] การถ่ายทอดคำพูดของผู้อื่น (Reported Speech) | reported speech คือ pdf – NATAVIGUIDES

Post on 21 / 08 / 21

by: English Hero

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Reported Speech คือ การถ่ายทอดคำพูดของผู้อื่น

 

Reported Speech คืออะไร?

คือ วิธีการที่เราจะนำเอาคำพูดของใครคนหนึ่งไปเล่าต่อให้คนอื่นฟัง เพื่อให้ผู้ฟังเข้าใจถึงเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นกับเจ้าของเรื่อง

 

รูปแบบของ Reported Speech

Reported Speech มีอยู่ 2 รูปแบบ คือ

  1. Direct Speech
  2. Indirect Speech

 

 

นอกจากนี้ในตัวของ Reported Speech เอง มีโครงสร้าง 2 ส่วนหลัก ๆ ได้แก่ The Reporting Clause และ The Reported Clause.

  • The Reporting Clause จะประกอบด้วยกริยานำ (reporting verbs) ยกตัวอย่างเช่น say, tell, ask, reply, shout ส่วนมากอยู่ในรูปของ Past Simple
  • The Reported Clause จะเป็นสิ่งที่ผู้พูดได้เริ่มกล่าวไว้

 

โครงสร้างของ Reported Speech

Reporting clause
Reported clause

Janny said,
I need a cup of coffee

He shouted,
Fire! Fire! Move on.

 

ส่วน Direct and Indirect Speech มีรูปแบบดังต่อไปนี้

  1. Direct speech – คือ การยกเอาคำพูดคนอื่นมาพูดแบบตรงๆ โดยไม่มีการเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างของประโยคแต่อย่างใด ประโยคแบบนี้จะมีตัวช่วยตัวหนึ่งคือ เครื่องหมาย Quotation mark หน้าตาเป็นแบบนี้ “……” ตัวอย่างเช่น
  • Emma said, “I will wash all the dishes.”

หรือสลับตำแหน่งกันก็ได้    “ I will wash all the dishes,” Emma said.

 

** ข้อสังเกตก็คือ หลังประโยคหลักจะคั่นด้วย comma เสมอ และประโยคในเครื่องหมาย quotation mark จะขึ้นต้นด้วยตัวพิมพ์ใหญ่เสมอ แต่ในประโยคตัวอย่างที่สองถ้าเอาประโยคที่เป็นคำพูดไว้ด้านหน้าและใส่ชื่อคนพูดไว้ด้านหลัง เวลาที่จบประโยคในเครื่องหมายคำพูดให้ใส่ comma แล้วค่อยปิดท้ายด้วย quotation mark แล้วจึงใส่ชื่อคนพูด ตบท้าย

 

  1. Indirect speech – คือ การยกเอาคำพูดของผู้อื่นขึ้นมาพูด ลักษณะเหมือนเป็นการรายงานหรือปรับรูปประโยคให้เป็นเหมือนคำพูดของผู้เล่าเอง ในลักษณะนี้จึงมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างประโยคเดิม Indirect speech แบ่งออกเป็น 3 ประเภทด้วยกันคือ

 

2.1 Indirect speech – statement คือการรายงานประโยคบอกเล่าหรือปฏิเสธ

2.2 Indirect speech – commands, requests and suggestions คือ การรายงานประโยคที่เป็นประโยคขอร้อง ประโยคคำสั่ง หรือ ขออนุญาต

2.3 Indirect speech – question คือการรายงานประโยคที่เป็นคำถาม

 

หลักการเปลี่ยน Indirect speech – statement

ในการเปลี่ยนจาก direct speech เป็น indirect speech นั้น วิธีการและขั้นตอนยุ่งยากเอาการพอสมควร เพราะต้องมีการเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างประโยค โดยเฉพาะเปลี่ยน tense ของประโยคที่เขาพูดมา และต้องเอา comma ออก แล้วใส่ said that หรือบางครั้งอาจจะใช้ complained that, admitted that แล้วแต่กรณี ดังนี้

 

                    Present simple tense ———->> past simple tense

เช่น

Direct speech :   The officer said, “We work for the town council.”

Indirect speech :    They said they worked for the town council.

 

                    Present continuous tense ————>> past continuous tense

เช่น

Direct speech :   Marry said, “I’m doing the washing.”

Indirect speech :    Marry said she was doing the washing.

 

                    Past simple tense ————->>   past perfect tense

เช่น

Direct speech :   He said, “I decided to leave earlier today.”

Indirect speech :    He said he had decided to leave earlier that day.

 

                    Past continuous tense —–>> past perfect continuous tense

เช่น

Direct speech :   She said, “I wasn’t telling the truth.”

Indirect speech :    She admitted that she hadn’t been telling the truth.

 

                    Present perfect tense ———->> past perfect tense

เช่น

Direct speech :   She said, “My guest haven’t arrived yet.”

Indirect speech :    She said her guest hadn’t arrived yet.

 

                        Future simple tense (will) —–>> Future (past form) tense (would)

เช่น

Direct speech :   She said, “I will submit my homework tomorrow.”

Indirect speech : She said she would submit her homework the following day.

 

                              Can              ————->>      could

เช่น

Direct speech :   Tom said, “I can’t say any more.”

Indirect speech :    Tom said he couldn’t say any more.

 

                              May             ———–>>                   might

เช่น

Direct speech :   The manager said, “The company may cancel the trip.”

Indirect speech :    The manager said the company might cancel the trip.

 

** แต่ในกรณีที่ข้อความนั้นหรือความรู้สึกนั้นเป็นความจริงเสมอ หรือยังเป็นความจริงอยู่ในขณะนั้น เมื่อนำคำพูดมารายงานจะไม่มีการเปลี่ยน tense ของประโยค       นอกจากจะเปลี่ยน tense แล้ว ยังมีการเปลี่ยนคำสรรพนาม คำบอกเวลา หรือคำแสดงระยะจากใกล้เป็นไกลด้วย ตัวอย่างเช่น

 

Year / month ago    ———-> year / month before

 Next…(week/month/year) ———-> the following ……

Now              —————-> then, at that time

 Today           —————>     that day

 Tomorrow   —————> the following day

 Yesterday —————-> the day before

 Here   ——————->   there

 This    ————-> that

 These ————–> those

 

ตัวอย่างเช่น

Direct speech : Sarah said, “I arrived here an hour ago.”

Indirect speech : Sarah said (that) she had arrived there an hour before.

 

Direct speech : The students said, “We will start our course next month.”

Indirect speech : The students said they would start their course the following month.

 

Direct and Indirect Speech (2)

ในตอนที่ 1 ได้พูดเกี่ยวกับ direct speech และการเปลี่ยนประโยคบอกเล่าและปฏิเสธของ direct speech เป็น indirect speech  ในตอนที่ 2 นี้เราจะมาต่อกันที่ การเปลี่ยนเป็น indirect speech ในประโยคคำถามและประโยคคำสั่งและขอร้อง

 

หลักการเปลี่ยนประโยคคำถามเป็น indirect speech

ในการเปลี่ยนประโยคคำถามจะแบ่งออกเป็น 2 ลักษณะคือ

  1. ประโยคคำถามที่เป็น Yes/No question

 

ในประโยคคำถามเราจะไม่ใช้กริยาในประโยคหลักเป็น say/said แล้ว แต่จะใช้เป็น ask, inquire, want to know หรือ wonder แทน ส่วน Tense ก็จะมีการเปลี่ยนเช่นเดียวกับประโยคบอกเล่า

 

ในประโยคคำถามจะใช้ if, whether, whether…or not หรือ whether or not ในการเชื่อมประโยคแทน และจะไม่ใส่เครื่องหมาย ? ท้ายประโยค รูปประโยคจึงมีหน้าตาเหมือนกับประโยคบอกเล่าธรรมดา แต่มีความหมายเป็นคำถาม ตัวอย่างเช่น

  • The reporter asked if his union had agreed the new pay deal.
  • Sarah wanted to know that whether the Minister had answered her questions or not.
  • He wondered if that soup tasted good.

 

  1. ประโยคคำถามที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย Wh-question

คำกริยาหลักในประโยคยังคงเหมือนกับแบบ Yes/No question เพียงแต่ใช้คำแสดงคำถามหรือ Wh-question words เข้ามาเชื่อมประโยคแทน และการเรียงลำดับคำในประโยคจะเรียงเหมือนกับประโยคบอกเล่า (ประธาน + (กริยาช่วย) + กริยา + กรรม) จะไม่เหมือนการเรียงประโยคคำถาม ( Wh-words + กริยาช่วย + ประธาน + กริยา) เช่น

 

Direct speech :   He said to me, “Where is my bag?”

Indirect speech : He asked where his bag was.

 

Direct Speech:   She said to him, “How did you make it?”

Indirect Speech: She asked him how he had done it.

 

หลักในการเปลี่ยนประโยคคำสั่ง อนุญาต เสนอแนะ และขอร้องเป็น Indirect speech

หลักในการเปลี่ยนก็จะมีการเปลี่ยน tense เช่นเดียวกัน แต่คำกริยาหลักในประโยคจะเปลี่ยนเป็นกริยาดังต่อไปนี้

ask (ร้องขอ)             command (สั่ง)                 order (สั่ง)

advice (แนะนำ)       propose (แนะนำ)              warn (เตือน)

forbid (สั่งห้าม)

 

เราจะใช้ to + V1 ในการขอร้อง แนะนำ บอก หรือ สั่งให้ทำ ถ้าเป็นปฏิเสธให้ใช้

not to + V1  อีกประการหนึ่งก็คือถ้าประโยค Direct Speech นั้นไม่มีกรรม ให้เติมกรรมลงไปในประโยค Indirect Speech ด้วย และถ้าหากมีคำว่า “please” ในประโยค Direct Speech ให้ตัดทิ้งด้วยเช่นกัน เช่น

 

Direct Speech:   He asked, “Please let me go to the party.”

Indirect Speech: He asked me to let her go to the party.

 

Direct Speech:   Doctor advised, “Don’t smoke”

Indirect Speech: Doctor advised me not to smoke.

 

 

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Family Life- English Conversations


Contents: 1. Family Morning Routine 2. House Cleaning Day 3. What’s for Dinner? 4. Grocery Shopping 5. I’ll Fix It Myself 6. Decorating the House 7. Family’s Expenses 8. Electricity Bill

Family Life- English Conversations

Grammar: Learn to use REPORTED SPEECH in English


http://www.engvid.com/ Reported speech and indirect speech mean the same thing: They allow you to express what someone has said. This sentence, \”He said he was studying English\”, is an example of reported speech. But how do you conjugate the verbs? Is it \”he said he was studying\” or \”he said he studied\”? Both are correct depending on the situation. Learn how to say it correctly every time with Ronnie’s quick and easy chart. Your friends said they watched this lesson. So what are you waiting for? http://www.engvid.com/reportedspeechhesaidshesaid/
TRANSCRIPT
Hi. My name’s Ronnie. I’m going to teach you some very, very simple reported speech things. If you don’t know what reported speech is, welcome to the confusing word… World of confusing reported speech and words. Reported speech, maybe when you study it in your class, the teacher or whoever, will call it indirect speech. It’s the same. So, indirect speech or reported speech is exactly the same. Yay. Why or how do we use reported speech? Good question. We use this to report or to write down what somebody has said.
If somebody has told you something, this is going to be a quote. A \”quote\” means you copy the person’s words exactly. You have to be really careful not to change their words. Reported speech or indirect speech is usually only used for writing. So, we don’t really have to worry about all of these crazy rules when we speak. Whew, thank god. So, we’re just going to go through the past, the present, and the future. We’re going to change quoted speech into reported speech. This little chart will help you. If you want to copy down this chart, take a picture of the chart, I guarantee it will make your reported speech grammar class or grammar learning amazing. Check it out.
So, in the present tense, we have two tenses, we have present simple or simple present and we have present continuous. As an example: \”She eats lunch.\” is present simple. This is something she does every day. So if I wanted to report or write down this, write this down, I would use reported speech. So: \”She eats lunch.\” My present simple, what I’m going to do is I’m going to take my verb \”eats\”, and change it to past simple. So, present simple verb we’re going to change to past simple. I would say: \”She said she ate lunch.\” In this sentence, \”eat\” is present simple; in the reported speech, \”ate\” is my past simple. So, present simple changes to past simple in reported speech.
If I have a present continuous example, this means something the person is doing now… For example: \”He is painting.\” So he’s an artist, he’s got a paint brush and some paint, and he’s painting. We have to change this to past continuous. So, if we have \”is painting\”, all we have to do to make this past continuous is change it to \”was painting\”. Present continuous to past continuous, the only thing that changes is our \”to be\” verb changes from present to past. \”He said he was painting.\”
Moving right along. Or moving back, back to the future. We have present perfect. An example of a present perfect sentence: \”He\”, sorry. \”They had a shower.\” It’s about time; they smell a lot. So, if we wanted to report this or write this down, we would say… Oh, he said… He… Sorry: \”They have had\”. This is strange, \”have had\”. Check this out. Present perfect is going to change to past perfect. So: \”They have had\”, if we change it to past perfect, we have to change it to \”had had\”. Ronnie, \”had had\”? Is that true? Yes. This is right. So, present perfect, \”have had\”, changes to \”had\” plus PP: \”had had\”. So: \”They said they had had a shower.\” And it’s about time, because they’re pretty smelly.
The next one: past simple. For example: \”He took my photo.\” In this sentence, your verb is \”took\”. This is a past. So, past simple, present perfect, both of these we have to change to, again, past perfect. So we’re going to change this to: \”They said he had taken my photo.\”
And the last one, past perfect, don’t change it. It’s cool. It’s already done. Past perfect you have to change to past perfect, so you don’t have to change the grammar in this sentence. \”They had had a dog.\” \”They said they had had\”that’s crazy again, but it’s true\”a dog.\” So, if you have a past sentence, present perfect, simple past, or past perfect, all of these are going to be changed to past perfect. That’s easier. \”Had\” plus the past participle. You okay?
Moving on to the future. We have two future tenses in English. Future simple or simple future, which is going to be \”will\”, and we have future \”going to\”. Simple future: \”She will go.\” Future \”going to\”: \”They are going to play football with their new shoes.\” Do you play football? Future simple: \”She will go\”, all we’re going to do is change the verb or the modal \”will\” to \”would\”. So it’s going to change to: \”She would go\”. That’s cool. \”Will\” changes to \”would\”. That’s easy.

Grammar: Learn to use REPORTED SPEECH in English

ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์เสียงอ่าน mp3 จาก Google Translate ง่ายสุดๆ


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ดาวน์โหลดไฟล์เสียงอ่าน mp3 จาก Google Translate ง่ายสุดๆ

Reported speech P6


Reported speech P6

นอกจากการดูบทความนี้แล้ว คุณยังสามารถดูข้อมูลที่เป็นประโยชน์อื่นๆ อีกมากมายที่เราให้ไว้ที่นี่: ดูวิธีอื่นๆMAKE MONEY ONLINE

ขอบคุณที่รับชมกระทู้ครับ reported speech คือ pdf

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