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How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar
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This lesson will show you how to use gerunds and infinitives in English! This can be confusing grammar… If you’re wondering what a gerund is… Watch this lesson: https://youtu.be/ZWhtHcKaNNg
Knowing WHEN to use a gerund and when you use the toinfinitive in English can be confusing! Especially because sometimes it can completely change the meaning of a sentence! In this lesson, we’ll talk about these different parts of speech and how important it is to know common verb patterns (if you want to get your English grammar right!)
Remember… If you’re wondering what a gerund is, watch this lesson: https://youtu.be/ZWhtHcKaNNg
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Read the full transcript of this lesson on my blog here:
https://www.mmmenglish.com/2018/11/01/howtousegerundsandinfinitivesconfusingenglishgrammar/
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Basic English Grammar: Giving reasons with infinitives
Simple English grammar lesson: An infinitive is when you have “to” plus a base verb. For example: “to make”, “to eat”, and “to be” are all infinitives. In this video, you will learn how to use infinitives when answering questions about why someone does something. For example, if someone asks, “Why are you going to the store?” you might reply, “To buy food.” Notice that we use the infinitive “to buy” to answer the question “why”. Watch the video to learn this very simple but effective formula to give a reason for something. I will also teach you about the expression “in order to”, which is also a very effective way to give a reason for something. I will show you how and when to use it, so you will always know how to answer basic questions in English. Then, test your understanding of the lesson by taking the quiz at https://www.engvid.com/basicenglishgrammargivingreasonswithinfinitives/
Gerunds and Infinitives (Verbs): Fun \u0026 humorous ESL video to peak your students’ engagement!
This creative \u0026 engaging animated ESL video teaches learners about gerunds and infinitives (verbs) at the upperintermediate level. Use this in class and have a blast!
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Title of English / ESL Video:
Gerunds and Infinitives (Verbs)
Target English Grammar:
Gerunds and Infinitives (Verbs):
– Gerund verbs.
– Infinitives with “to”.
– Infinitives without “to”.
Student Proficiency Level:
Upperintermediate level grammar.
Suggested Courses:
General English
Instructions:
– Play the video in class after delivering a warmup activity first.
– Pause the video whenever the narrator asks students a question to give students time to answer. For example, after elicitations and concept checking questions (CCQs).
Summary of English Grammar: Gerunds and Infinitives (Verbs)
Approximate chronological order:
Gerunds:
– Elicitation of target grammar.
Form:
– Verb + ing
Function:
– Gerunds act as nouns or pronouns.
Specific Uses:
– Likes/dislikes: I love shopping.
– General activities: I’m good at dancing.
– Abstract ideas: I’m not used to working late.
– When there is no noun to describe something: Catching the train during peak hour is really annoying.
– When speaking or writing in incomplete sentences: What are your hobbies? Watching TV and surfing the Internet.
Use Gerunds:
– As the subject of a sentence: Flying makes me nervous.
– As the object of a sentence: I find listening to music very relaxing.
– After prepositions: The police arrested her for speeding.
– After phrasal verbs: She ended up going to prison.
– After some verbs including: admit, avoid, can’t help, carry on, consider, deny, finish, give up, imagine, involve, keep on, miss, postpone, practice, risk, spend, stop, suggest.
– Example: You should avoid taking a stroll outside during a hurricane.
– After words for expressing like/dislike: can’t stand, crazy about, enjoy, fancy, hate, like/dislike, keen on, love, don’t mind, prefer.
– Example: I love skydiving.
Use Infinitives (with “to”):
– To express a reason or purpose: He ran to avoid being caught.
– After adjectives: This safe is easy to break open.
– After some verbs, including: can/can’t afford, agree, appear, be able to, can’t wait, decide, expect, forget, happen, have (got), help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem, teach, tend, threaten, try, want, would like.
– Example: He threatened to hurt the man.
Infinitives are not generally used as the subject of sentences.
Use the Infinitive (without “to”) after:
– Modal verbs: You should see a doctor.
– Auxiliary verbs: We‘ll go swimming tomorrow.
– let, make and help.
– Example 1: Let‘s go shopping.
– Example 2: Help me carry my shoes.
– Example 3: Sometimes she makes me want to scream!
Negative Forms:
Target language form the negative with “not”:
– Gerunds: I don’t like shopping.
– Infinitives (with “to”): I don’t want to go shopping.
– Infinitives (without “to”): I won’t go shopping.
These verbs can be followed with either the gerund or infinitive (with “to”) with no difference in meaning:
– begin, continue, prefer, start. For example:
– I prefer doing yoga.
– I prefer to do yoga.
These verbs can be followed with either the gerund or infinitive (with “to”), but the meaning is different:
– try, remember, forget, need.
– Example 1:
– Try not to hurt yourself again. (This means, make an effort to do something.)
– You should try going to an Italian restaurant. (This means, try something to see if you like it.)
– Example 2:
– Remember to fasten your seatbelt. (This means, don’t forget something.)
– I remember seeing you in high school. (This means, having a memory of something.)
– Example 3:
– I forgot to bring my luggage. (This means, you didn’t remember something.)
– I’ll never forget seeing the beautiful scenery. (This means, you did something and you won’t forget it. It’s more common in the negative form.)
– Example 4:
– You need to buy a new car. (This means, you must do something.)
– That car needs repairing. (This means, the subject needs something.)
Going to + Infinitive – Easy English Lesson – Planning Your Weekend
English Grammar – 5 Ways to Use Infinitives
http://www.engvid.com/ A grammar lesson for advanced students of English. There are many ways to use infinitives in English. Did you know that an infinitive can be used as a subject, object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb? It’s true. In this grammar lesson, I look at these five common ways to use infinitives. Once you’re done with this lesson, don’t forget to check out my lessons on common verbs followed by infinitives, and active and passive infinitives.
http://www.engvid.com/englishgrammar5waystouseinfinitives/
TRANSCRIPT
Hey, everyone. I’m Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on five ways to use infinitives. To refresh our memory, an infinitive in English is \”to\” plus the base verb. So for example, \”to run\”, \”to play\”, \” \”to hide\”, \”to eat\”, \”to go\” these are all examples of infinitives. Now, despite the fact that infinitives refer to actions, they often perform the same function as nouns. So let’s look at the five ways that we can use infinitives in English.
So here, we have infinitives can be subjects. They can be the subject of a sentence. This is a very formal structure, but it is possible. For example, \”To do the right thing is not easy.\” \”To learn a new language is helpful.\” So here, we have \”to do\”, \”to learn\”, okay? And again, these are infinitives. And this is a very formal structure. So in speaking, we don’t often use infinitives as subjects, but I want you to know that it is possible. However, in speech, when we use infinitives in this kind of context, we usually put them in the middle of an \”it\” phrase. So for example, instead of saying, \”To do the right thing is not easy\”, we say, \”It’s not easy to do the right thing.\” Or instead of, \”To learn a new language is helpful\”, in common speech, we say, \”It’s helpful to learn a new language.\” Okay? So again, this is formal; this is much more common. Okay?
Second of all, infinitives can be objects. So for example, \”I want to help you.\” Here, we have \”I\”, \”the subject, \”want\”, the verb, \”to help\” and \”to help\”, here, would be an object. Okay? So, \”I want to help.\” \”They love to travel.\” And in both of these sentences, the infinitive is actually the object of the sentence.
Here, No. 3, infinitives can be subject complements. Now, a \”complement\” is basically something that gives you more information about the thing you’re talking about. In this situation, we want more information about the subjects of these sentences. So for example, \”Her job okay.\” \”Tell me more about her job.\” \”Her job is to assist you.\” So if this is a receptionist, for example, her job is to assist you. You’re giving more information about her job. \”My dream my dream is what is your dream? Give me more information about your dream.\” \”My dream is to open a business.\” Okay? So here, we have infinitives used as subject complements.
Now, these last two infinitives can be adjectives and adverbs you might be surprised because when you think of adjectives, you probably think of colors or words like \”happy\” or \”sad\” or \”cold\” or \”hot\”. However, if you’re not comfortable with thinking of them as adjectives, maybe think of them as object complements. And that’s another way to look at it if mentally it doesn’t make sense for an infinitive to be an adjective. However, let’s look at an example. \”I told you\” so here, we have subject, verb, object. \”I told you to wait.\” So what did I tell you? I told you to wait. So you’re describing what you told this person. \”He wants me to leave.\” What does he want me to do? He wants me to leave. So I’m describing what he wants. Again, adjectives are description words, right? Describing what he wants. I’m describing what I told you. Okay?
And finally, adverbs so again, adverbs give more information about a verb. In thinks situation, \”We must study\” we have the verb \”study\”. \”Why must we study?\” \”To learn.\” So here, you have verb plus infinitive. And here, \”I want to learn to sing.\” So here, \”I want to learn\” \”to learn\” is an object. And we want to give more information about the object and why we do it. So here, we have \”to sing\”.
Now, again, grammatically, if you don’t understand \”adjective\”, \”adverb\”, \”subject complement\”, it’s not I don’t want to say it’s not important, but in everyday speech, it’s not that important to be able to say, \”This is an adjective\”; \”this is an adverb\”; \”this is a complement.\” The most important thing is do you understand these sentences when you see them? Do you understand the meaning of, \”We must study to learn\”? \”I want to learn to sing\”? As long as you understand what the sentences mean, the grammatical language is not as important, as long as you know how to use it in different parts of the sentence. Okay?
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